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3M

Sector unknown·MMM · USA (SEC 10-K)·Fiscal year to 31/12/2025

Artificial intelligenceAutomation and roboticsLabour and wagesRare earths and critical raw materialsInflation

General: 3M is a diversified technology company with a global presence in the following businesses: Safety and Industrial; Transportation and Electronics; and Consumer.

Exposure profile

Raw materials and inputsMacroTechnologyRegulationEnd marketsGeography
Raw materials and inputs Labour and wages, Rare earths and critical raw materials, Oil, Natural gas
Macro Inflation, Tariffs and trade policy, Geopolitical uncertainty, Global trade volumes
Technology Artificial intelligence, Automation and robotics
Regulation Energy security, AI regulation
End markets not mentioned
Geography China, Europe, Denmark, United States

Derived from what the company itself writes. Empty directions mean the report doesn't mention themes of that type.

In their own words

Grouped by theme, from the management review in the annual report. A · The company itself is a verbatim quote, B · From the report is without a verified quote.

Chemicals and specialty chemicals

Raw materials and inputs

StrategyPositive impact: strengthens

“3M completed its exit of PFAS manufacturing at the end of 2025.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Market

“As previously reported, governments in the United States and internationally have increasingly been regulating a broad group of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, collectively known as “PFAS,” including some produced by the Company prior to the end of 2025. Table of Contents The PFAS group of substances contains several categories and classes of durable chemicals and materials with properties that include oil, water, temperature, chemical, and fire resistance, as well as electrical insulating properties. The strength of the carbon-fluorine bond also means that these compounds do not easily degrade. These characteristics have made PFAS substances critical to the manufacture of a wide range of products, including electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets, and semi-conductors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Automation and robotics

Technology

StrategyPositive impact: strengthens

“The Company utilizes various tools, such as continuous improvement, to improve productivity and reduce expenses and engages in ongoing global business transformation, including restructurings from time to time, to streamline its operations, improve operational efficiency, productivity, and the speed and efficiency with which it serves customers. Workforce restructuring activities are expected to deliver benefits, but also impact business groups, functions, and geographies. There can be no assurance that we will realize the benefits of such activities, or that such activities will not result in unexpected or negative consequences, such as: a reduced ability to generate sales; a relationship impact with employees; or a reduced ability to provide the experience that our customers, suppliers, vendors, and channel partners expect from us.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Aviation and travel

End markets

Market

“Commercial aircraft and low-emissions vehicles also rely on PFAS technology.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Fuel strengthens, Pandemics and outbreaks weakens

Electric vehicles and EV batteries

End markets

Market

“Commercial aircraft and low-emissions vehicles also rely on PFAS technology.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Healthcare and hospitals

End markets

Market

“They are also used to help prevent contamination of medical products like surgical gowns and drapes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Ageing population strengthens, GLP-1 and obesity treatment mixed effect

M&A and consolidation

Macro

StrategyPositive impact: strengthens

“The Company monitors its business portfolio and organizational structure and has made and may continue to make acquisitions, strategic alliances, divestitures, and changes to its organizational structure. With respect to acquisitions and strategic alliances, future results will be affected by, as applicable, the Company’s ability to integrate acquired businesses quickly and obtain the anticipated synergies and the Company's ability to operationalize and derive anticipated benefits from alliances.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Media and entertainment

End markets

Market

“These characteristics have made PFAS substances critical to the manufacture of a wide range of products, including electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets, and semi-conductors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Public sector

End markets

Market

“Table of Contents The Company is also subject to certain risks as a direct and indirect supplier to the U.S. government and other governments, such as those associated with compliance with procurement regulations, as well as the government’s rights to audit and conduct investigations and to terminate contracts.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Semiconductors and electronic components

Raw materials and inputs

Market

“These characteristics have made PFAS substances critical to the manufacture of a wide range of products, including electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets, and semi-conductors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Artificial intelligence strengthens

Inflation

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Raw Materials: In 2025, persistent pricing pressure, tariffs and geopolitical uncertainty prompted producers to adjust capacity and restructure operations. Overall, these market conditions caused supply constraints and inflation, but were offset via negotiated supply contracts and leveraging scale across the supply base.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company's business is also impacted by social, political, and labor conditions in locations in which the Company or its suppliers or customers operate; adverse changes in the availability and cost of capital; monetary policy; interest rates; inflation; recession; commodity prices; currency volatility or exchange control; ability to expatriate earnings; and other laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company or its suppliers or customers operate.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's processes to minimize volatility in component and material pricing will be successful or that future price fluctuations or shortages will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk In the context of Item 7A, 3M is exposed to market risk due to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Changes in those factors could impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Commodity Prices Risk: The Company manages commodity price risks through negotiated supply contracts and price protection agreements.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this weakens Consumer spending, strengthens Interest rates

Tariffs and trade policy

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Raw Materials: In 2025, persistent pricing pressure, tariffs and geopolitical uncertainty prompted producers to adjust capacity and restructure operations. Overall, these market conditions caused supply constraints and inflation, but were offset via negotiated supply contracts and leveraging scale across the supply base.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Accordingly, the Company’s operations and the execution of its business strategies and plans are subject to global competition and economic and geopolitical risks that are beyond its control, such as, among other things, disruptions in financial markets, economic downturns, military conflicts, terrorism, public health emergencies, political changes and trends such as protectionism, economic nationalism resulting in government actions impacting international trade agreements or imposing trade restrictions such as tariffs and retaliatory counter measures, and government deficit reduction and other austerity measures in locations or industries in which the Company operates.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The U.S. and other governments have imposed, and propose to impose additional, export controls and tariffs on certain products, and financial and economic sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Tariffs and other trade restrictions may also: increase the cost of raw materials and components imported from other countries, leading to higher production costs and product pricing to the extent those increased costs are offset through pricing actions; disrupt established supply chains, forcing the Company to find new suppliers or relocate production, which can be time-consuming and costly; limit the Company's access to end markets and, in turn, result in reduced sales and revenue; lower profitability; result in uncertainty related to planning long-term investments and strategies; and have other competitive effects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Geopolitical uncertainty strengthens
Chains out: this weakens Global trade volumes

Geopolitical uncertainty

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Raw Materials: In 2025, persistent pricing pressure, tariffs and geopolitical uncertainty prompted producers to adjust capacity and restructure operations. Overall, these market conditions caused supply constraints and inflation, but were offset via negotiated supply contracts and leveraging scale across the supply base.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Accordingly, the Company’s operations and the execution of its business strategies and plans are subject to global competition and economic and geopolitical risks that are beyond its control, such as, among other things, disruptions in financial markets, economic downturns, military conflicts, terrorism, public health emergencies, political changes and trends such as protectionism, economic nationalism resulting in government actions impacting international trade agreements or imposing trade restrictions such as tariffs and retaliatory counter measures, and government deficit reduction and other austerity measures in locations or industries in which the Company operates.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company operates globally, including in some jurisdictions that pose potentially elevated risks of fraud or corruption or increased risk of internal control issues, and is subject to risks related to international, federal, state, and local treaties, laws, and regulations, including those involving product liability; securities and corporate governance; antitrust and competition; intellectual property; environmental, health, and safety; tax; the FCPA and other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws; international import and export requirements and trade sanctions compliance; laws and regulations that apply to industries served by the Company, including the False Claims Act, anti-kickback laws, and the Sunshine Act; and other matters.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this strengthens Defence budgets, strengthens Energy security, strengthens Tariffs and trade policy, weakens Global trade volumes, strengthens Sea freight and freight rates, weakens Reconstruction of Ukraine

Artificial intelligence

Technology

DriverMixed impact: mixed

“Table of Contents Risks Related to Our Products and Customer Preferences * The Company’s results are affected by competitive conditions and customer preferences. Demand for the Company’s products, which impacts revenue and profit margins, is affected by, among other things: (i) the development and timing of the introduction of competitive products; (ii) the Company’s pricing strategies; (iii) changes in customer order patterns, such as changes in the levels of inventory maintained by customers, vendors, or channel partners; (iv) changes in customers’ preferences for our products, including preferences for products that do not contain third-party manufactured PFAS, the success of products offered by our competitors, and changes in customer designs for their products that can affect the demand for some of the Company’s products; and (v) changes in the business environment related to disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, block-chain, expanded analytics, and other enhanced learnings from increasing volume of available data.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Table of Contents *The Company’s use of artificial intelligence technologies exposes the Company to risks which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, reputation and results of operations. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies support a range of the Company’s activities, including research and development, operational processes, customer facing tools, and other business functions. The use of AI introduces risks that could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, or financial condition.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this strengthens Data centres, strengthens Semiconductors and electronic components, strengthens Semiconductor industry

China

Geography

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Further escalation of specific trade tensions, including those between the U.S. and China, or more broadly in global trade conflict, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and operations around the world.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“For example, changes in local economic condition or outlooks, such as lower economic growth rates in China, Europe, or other key markets, impact the demand or profitability of the Company's products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Labour and wages

Raw materials and inputs

InputNegative impact: weakens

“The ability to recruit, retain, develop, protect, and fairly compensate its global workforce are enablers of 3M’s success. This includes five general categories of focus: Health and Safety; Performance Culture; Development; People and Community; and Compensation and Benefits.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

InputNegative impact: weakens

“There are no guarantees that new products will prove to be commercially successful. * The Company’s future results are subject to vulnerability with respect to materials and fluctuations in the costs and availability of purchased components, compounds, raw materials, energy, and labor due to shortages, increased demand and wages, strikes or other labor disruptions, logistics, supply chain interruptions, manufacturing site disruptions, regulatory developments, natural disasters, and other disruptive factors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Cyber attacks and IT security risk

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Table of Contents Risks Related to Our Business * The Company employs information including operational technology systems to support its business and to collect, store, and/or use proprietary and confidential information, including ongoing phased implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system as part of its business transformation on a worldwide basis over the next several years. Network disruptions, security and data breaches, cyberattacks, and other cybersecurity incidents involving the Company’s information technology systems, networks and infrastructure could: disrupt or interfere with the Company’s operations; result in the compromise and misappropriation of proprietary and confidential information belonging to the Company or its customers, suppliers, and employees; and expose the Company to numerous expenses, liabilities, and other negative consequences, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, reputation, and results of operations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this strengthens Cybersecurity (products and services)

Global trade volumes

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Accordingly, the Company’s operations and the execution of its business strategies and plans are subject to global competition and economic and geopolitical risks that are beyond its control, such as, among other things, disruptions in financial markets, economic downturns, military conflicts, terrorism, public health emergencies, political changes and trends such as protectionism, economic nationalism resulting in government actions impacting international trade agreements or imposing trade restrictions such as tariffs and retaliatory counter measures, and government deficit reduction and other austerity measures in locations or industries in which the Company operates.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Tariffs and trade policy weakens, Geopolitical uncertainty weakens, Business cycle and GDP growth strengthens
Chains out: this strengthens Shipping and logistics

USD vs DKK/EUR

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company’s financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars and, as noted above, the Company derives a significant percentage of its revenues from outside the United States. As a result, the Company’s results of operations and its ability to realize projected growth rates in sales and earnings could be materially adversely impacted if the U.S. dollar strengthens significantly against foreign currencies, and the Company's results of operations may experience volatility related to changes in exchange rates.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this mixed effect United States

Interest rates

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company's business is also impacted by social, political, and labor conditions in locations in which the Company or its suppliers or customers operate; adverse changes in the availability and cost of capital; monetary policy; interest rates; inflation; recession; commodity prices; currency volatility or exchange control; ability to expatriate earnings; and other laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company or its suppliers or customers operate.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The performance of financial markets and discount rates impact the Company's funding obligations under its defined benefit plans. Significant changes in market interest rates, decreases in the fair value of plan assets and investment losses on plan assets, and legislative or regulatory changes relating to defined benefit plan funding may increase the Company's funding obligations and could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations and cash flows. * Change in the Company’s credit ratings or increases in benchmark interest rates could increase cost of funding.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk In the context of Item 7A, 3M is exposed to market risk due to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Changes in those factors could impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Interest Rates Risk: The Company may be impacted by interest rate volatility with respect to existing debt and future debt issuances. 3M manages interest rate risk and expense using a mix of fixed and floating rate debt.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Public debt and fiscal policy strengthens, Inflation strengthens
Chains out: this weakens Construction, weakens Real estate, weakens Wind power, weakens Housing market, weakens Office and commercial property, weakens Residential rental, weakens Residential construction

Currency exposure

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company's business is also impacted by social, political, and labor conditions in locations in which the Company or its suppliers or customers operate; adverse changes in the availability and cost of capital; monetary policy; interest rates; inflation; recession; commodity prices; currency volatility or exchange control; ability to expatriate earnings; and other laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company or its suppliers or customers operate.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“These geopolitical tensions could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, supply chain disruptions (including limitations on access to rare earth minerals and other raw materials), higher energy and other commodity costs, lower consumer demand, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, and tariffs and trade restrictions may result in increased production costs and product pricing, further supply chain disruptions, limited access to end markets, lower profitability, and uncertainty related to planning long-term investments and strategies, and may have other competitive effects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk In the context of Item 7A, 3M is exposed to market risk due to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Changes in those factors could impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Business cycle and GDP growth

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“For example, changes in local economic condition or outlooks, such as lower economic growth rates in China, Europe, or other key markets, impact the demand or profitability of the Company's products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Following the separation, the Company is a smaller, less diversified company than it was prior to the separation, which could make the Company more vulnerable to factors impacting its performance, such as changing market conditions and market volatility.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this strengthens Global trade volumes, strengthens Construction

Europe

Geography

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“For example, changes in local economic condition or outlooks, such as lower economic growth rates in China, Europe, or other key markets, impact the demand or profitability of the Company's products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Geography

“Table of Contents Resources Human Capital: On December 31, 2025, the Company employed approximately 60,500 people (full-time equivalents), with approximately 22,500 employed in the United States and 38,000 employed internationally.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

AI regulation

Regulation

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Emerging and evolving regulations related to AI use, transparency, safety, and accountability may require additional investment, changes to existing processes, or limitations on the development and application of these technologies.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Climate change and extreme weather

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“Climate change and severe weather events, including related environmental and social regulations, as well as natural disasters, may negatively impact the Company or its customers and suppliers, in terms of availability and cost of natural resources, sources and supply of energy, product demand and manufacturing, compliance costs, and the health and well-being of individuals and communities in which we or our suppliers or customers operate. * Foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates may affect the Company’s ability to realize projected growth rates in its sales and earnings.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this weakens Agriculture and food production

Consumer spending

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“These geopolitical tensions could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, supply chain disruptions (including limitations on access to rare earth minerals and other raw materials), higher energy and other commodity costs, lower consumer demand, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, and tariffs and trade restrictions may result in increased production costs and product pricing, further supply chain disruptions, limited access to end markets, lower profitability, and uncertainty related to planning long-term investments and strategies, and may have other competitive effects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Inflation weakens
Chains out: this strengthens Retail, strengthens Hospitality and leisure, strengthens Premium consumers, strengthens Grocery retail and private label

Employment

Macro

InputNegative impact: weakens

“There are no guarantees that new products will prove to be commercially successful. * The Company’s future results are subject to vulnerability with respect to materials and fluctuations in the costs and availability of purchased components, compounds, raw materials, energy, and labor due to shortages, increased demand and wages, strikes or other labor disruptions, logistics, supply chain interruptions, manufacturing site disruptions, regulatory developments, natural disasters, and other disruptive factors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Energy security

Regulation

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“These geopolitical tensions could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, supply chain disruptions (including limitations on access to rare earth minerals and other raw materials), higher energy and other commodity costs, lower consumer demand, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, and tariffs and trade restrictions may result in increased production costs and product pricing, further supply chain disruptions, limited access to end markets, lower profitability, and uncertainty related to planning long-term investments and strategies, and may have other competitive effects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Geopolitical uncertainty strengthens, Reconstruction of Ukraine strengthens
Chains out: this strengthens Wind power, strengthens Power grid expansion

Natural gas

Raw materials and inputs

InputNegative impact: weakens

“The Company depends on various components, compounds, raw materials, and energy (including oil and natural gas and their derivatives) supplied by others for the manufacturing of its products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Oil

Raw materials and inputs

InputNegative impact: weakens

“The Company depends on various components, compounds, raw materials, and energy (including oil and natural gas and their derivatives) supplied by others for the manufacturing of its products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this strengthens Plastics and polymers

Rare earths and critical raw materials

Raw materials and inputs

InputNegative impact: weakens

“These geopolitical tensions could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, supply chain disruptions (including limitations on access to rare earth minerals and other raw materials), higher energy and other commodity costs, lower consumer demand, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, and tariffs and trade restrictions may result in increased production costs and product pricing, further supply chain disruptions, limited access to end markets, lower profitability, and uncertainty related to planning long-term investments and strategies, and may have other competitive effects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: Wind power strengthens

Denmark

Geography

Geography

“Table of Contents Resources Human Capital: On December 31, 2025, the Company employed approximately 60,500 people (full-time equivalents), with approximately 22,500 employed in the United States and 38,000 employed internationally.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Geography

“Properties In the U.S., 3M’s general offices, corporate research laboratories, and certain division laboratories are located in St. Paul, Minnesota. The Company operates 48 manufacturing facilities in 26 states. Internationally, the Company operates 60 manufacturing and converting facilities in 25 countries.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

United States

Geography

Geography

“Table of Contents Resources Human Capital: On December 31, 2025, the Company employed approximately 60,500 people (full-time equivalents), with approximately 22,500 employed in the United States and 38,000 employed internationally.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Geography

“During 2025, the Company derived approximately 56 percent of its revenues from outside the United States.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains in: USD vs DKK/EUR mixed effect

Equity and capital markets

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company retained an equity interest in Solventum in connection with the spin-off. The Company cannot predict the trading price of shares of Solventum’s common stock and the market value of the Solventum shares is subject to market volatility and other factors outside of the Company’s control.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Hybrid work and office use

Macro

DriverNegative impact: weakens

“The Company’s increased adoption of remote working, initially driven by the COVID-19 health pandemic, also introduces additional threats and risk of disruptions to our information technology systems, networks and infrastructure.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Chains out: this weakens Office and commercial property

Nordics

Geography

Geography

“Properties In the U.S., 3M’s general offices, corporate research laboratories, and certain division laboratories are located in St. Paul, Minnesota. The Company operates 48 manufacturing facilities in 26 states. Internationally, the Company operates 60 manufacturing and converting facilities in 25 countries.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

Competitors mentioned in the report

No named competitors in the report.

Financial figures

Revenue
latest fiscal year
24.95 bn USD
Revenue growth
vs. the year before, same method
1.5 %
EBITDA
reported by the company
5.94 bn USD
Net debt
debt incl. leasing minus cash
7.9 bn USD
Diluted EPS
per share
6 USD

Source: 10-K (SEC) A. See the report

Criteria

Profit✓
Growing✓
Healthy balance sheet✓

Only the criteria that can be computed from financial statements on this page. The remaining criteria (such as price and dividend) need a share price and are in the analysis.

Figures are in the report's currency (USD), not converted to DKK. Quotes are shown as the company's own words in English.

This page describes what the company itself writes. It isn't an assessment and isn't a recommendation. Run an analysis to see how the company connects to your view.