Steel

“There has been volatility in steel costs over the last several years.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Significant increases in the cost of any of the key materials and components we purchase would increase our cost of doing business and ultimately could lead to lower operating earnings if we are not able to recover these cost increases through price increases to our customers. Historically, there has been a lag in our ability to recover increased material costs from customers, and that lag, could negatively impact our profitability.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“RAW MATERIALS Raw materials for our manufacturing operations, primarily consisting of steel, are generally available in adequate quantities.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“■Our operations could be adversely impacted by material and component price volatility, as well as supplier concentration The market prices for certain materials and components we purchase, primarily steel, can be volatile. In recent years, we have also experienced inflation-related increases in our transportation and input costs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In response to higher steel and other input costs, including tariffs, we announced price increases on most of our water heater and boiler products in the first half of 2025. In addition to pricing, we continue to mitigate the impact of tariffs through footprint optimization, strategic sourcing actions and other cost containment initiatives.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“A portion of our customers are contractually obligated to accept price changes based on fluctuations in steel prices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“AddLifes negativa inverkan på klimatet är koncentrerat uppströms i värdekedjan. Särskilt utvinningen av de resurser som krävs för att tillverka de produkter och komponenter vi distribuerar samt använder för vår egen produktion, har negativ inverkan på klimatet. Framför allt använder gruvdrift, för att utvinna mineraler och metaller, samt oljeutvinning, för att tillverka plast, mycket fossil energi.”

Annual report 2023A · The company itself

“Coal and natural gas are used as primary fuels. Coal prices are set by market factors internationally, while natural gas prices are generally set domestically.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“A setback in Cr Ore prices and some unexpected delays caused a below expectation result in our South African Chrome Ore operation Guy Konsbruck CEO Our commitment Afarak vows to deliver its contribution to environmental and social sustainability through its production processes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“4) Dependence on market prices Dependence on market prices for chrome ore and ferrochrome represents a key risk. Although Afarak supplies itself with the most important raw material (chrome ore) for ferrochrome production, thereby reducing its dependence on raw material prices, the volatility of market prices for its own products (chrome ore and ferrochrome) remains crucial for profitability and competitiveness. To mitigate its exposure to volatility in chrome ore and ferrochrome market prices, Afarak pursues a vertically integrated operating model.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In parallel, Afarak is pursuing expansion of chrome ore production in South Africa, supported by investment decisions to increase chrome ore concentrate output. By strengthening upstream capacity, the company enhances its ability to secure feedstock for ferrochrome production and to respond flexibly to rising market demand.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Therefore, chrome ore and ferrochrome are very much correlated to the developments of the stainless-steel industry. 2025 Market overview The expected recovery in the stainless steel market did not materialize in the second half of 2025.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Chrome ore prices decreased in the second half of the year, resulting also in lower margins due to subdued stainless steel demand.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“THE FERROCHROME AND CHROME ORE MARKET Afarak Group operates primarily in the chrome market. Globally, most of the chrome ore is used in metallurgical applications. However, chrome ore is also used, though to a much lesser extent, in refractories, as foundry sands and as a chemical grade as shown below. Afarak produces ferrochrome which is the main type of chrome used in metallurgical applications, in turn mainly driven by the demand for stainless steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“GROUP OPERATIONAL REVIEW Operationally, 2025 presented higher sales and lower production for the Group. Sales The Group sales of processed material increased by 30.6% and stood at 28,407 (2024: 21,759) tonnes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Sales Speciality Alloys Processed material sold increased by 30.6%, to 28,407 (2024: 21,759) tonnes. Financial performance The increase in sales resulted in a higher EBITDA for the year to EUR 4.3 (2024:1.7) million, and EBIT of EUR 2.3 (2024:-0.4) million.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The business produces chrome ore for sale to global markets.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“About 75% of the production cost of equipment represents purchased components.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The Group is directly and indirectly exposed to raw material prices.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Stationary industrial air compressors and associated air-treatment products, spare parts and service represent about 90% of revenues.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Main customer segments include general manufacturing, pharmaceutical, food & beverage, chemical, and steel production among others.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The component factories manufacture inflators, propellant, initiators, textile cushions, webbing, pressed steel parts, springs, and over molded steel parts used in seatbelt and airbag assembly and steering wheels. The assembly factories source components from a number of parties, including Autoliv’s own component factories, and assemble complete restraint systems for “just-in-time” delivery to customers.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Direct material cost represents approximately 55% of the Company's net sales in 2024.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The main raw materials being used as input material for the Company's operations are steel, textiles, plastic and non-ferrous metals.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The Company takes several actions to manage the raw material fluctuations, such as competitive sourcing and looking for alternative materials. The Company is also taking necessary actions to gradually implement raw materials with a lower carbon emission footprint.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Investeringar i grön stålproduktion, stigande produktionskostnader och minskad efterfrågan inom vissa sektorer har lett till, och kommer rimligen leda till, ytterligare åtgärder.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Nedgången förklaras av negativa pris- och mixförändringar om -8 procent, avveckling av enheten i Baltikum om -3 procent och negativ organisk tonnagetillväxt om -1 procent.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Det svaga underliggande resultatet är hänförligt till fallande stålpriser och pressad bruttomarginal.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Det låga underliggande resultatet förklaras främst av fallande stålpriser i en svag marknad och pressad bruttomarginal.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“För platta produkter (varm och kallvalsad plåt) steg spotpriserna i Europa i början av året för att sedan ha en nedgång fram till början av december och således en helårsminskning med 16-19 procent. Producenterna för platta produkter har under året upprätthållit sin kapacitet trots den vikande efterfrågan vilket har sin effekt på priset.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“BE Group har anor från 1800-talet och är en oberoende ståldistributör som lagerhåller och bearbetar stål, rostfritt stål och aluminium.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“BE Group skapar värde åt kunderna genom samordning inom inköp, transporter och lagerhållning av ett brett sortiment av handelsstål, specialstål, rostfritt stål och aluminium.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Plåt i olika former, t ex varmvalsad, kallvalsad eller metallbelagd. Används inom bl a byggnation, fordonsindustrin samt maskin- och processindustrin.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Legerade och olegerade konstruktionsstål, ytbearbetad stång samt ämnesrör. Används när det finns behov av material med förbättrad skärbarhet, hållfasthet, härdbarhet eller slitstyrka.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Plåt, profiler, stång och rör. Används av legotillverkare och OEM-företag till bl a byggnation, skyltar och vägmärken samt inom flyg-, fordons- och förpackningsindustrin.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Rakstål, armeringsnät och iläggningsfärdig armering. Används till att armera betong i syfte att öka hållfastheten och förhindra sprickbildningar inom byggnation och infrastruktur.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“BE Groups erbjudande består av ett stort antal produkter och tjänster som anpassas för att möta kundernas behov. Utöver stål, rostfritt stål och aluminium ingår även specialstål, armering och material för grundläggning.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Det beror på att tillverkningsprocessen av stål uppströms i värdekedjan genererar utsläpp av NOx, SO2, partiklar och stoft. Omfattningen bedöms variera mellan leverantörer beroende på geografiskt läge och gällande bestämmelser för att förebygga föroreningar.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Andelen återvunnet innehåll i metallerna har ökat med 14 procent sedan basåret.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Merparten avfallen består av metallskrot och den absoluta majoriteten återanvänds eller återvinns. Återanvänt eller återvunnet avfall från verksamheten ökade 2024 till 89 procent (86).”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Som komponenttillverkare - och via industrihandeln - kommer den stora delen av koncernens produkters påverkan från leverantörskedjan. Där gäller det att säkerställa att affärsetiken följer Beijer Almas principer och att utvecklingen drivs mot mer hållbara material, där metall förstås utgör merparten.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Lesjöfors använder återvunnet stål när det är möjligt, vilket minskar behovet av jungfruligt material och den negativa påverkan i värdekedjan.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“För de basmetaller som Boliden producerar bedömer Wood McKenzie att efterfrågan kommer att öka med 70 % för koppar, 48 % för zink, 74 % för bly och 89 % för nickel mellan 2024–2050.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Den globala efterfrågan på zink var fortsatt stabil 2024 jämfört med föregående år, men minskade i Europa med 6 %. Aktiviteten inom byggsektorn var trög utanför USA, där de flesta ekonomier återhämtar sig från effekterna av de höga räntorna. Zinkpriserna utvecklades positivt och steg med i genomsnitt 5 % under året, samtidigt som gruvproduktionen fortsatte att minska något.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Rostfritt stål, som står för nästan två tredjedelar av den globala efterfrågan, såg en ökning av nickelkonsumtionen med 4 %. Batterier, den näst största marknaden för nickelförbrukning, såg ingen tillväxt till följd av ett fortsatt skifte mot litiumjärnfosfatbatterier, som inte innehåller nickel, och en övergång till plug-in-hybrider, särskilt i Kina. Nickelförbrukningen i Kina ökade med 3 %, med rostfritt stål som den främsta drivkraften.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Det genomsnittliga LME-priset på nickel minskade med 21 % under 2024 och fortsatte därmed en nedåtgående trend från toppnoteringarna 2022.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Läs mer om vårt första sekel på sidorna 2–3. • Vi tillkännagav förvärvet av gruvorna Neves-Corvo och Zinkgruvan. Efter transaktionens färdigställandet som förväntas i mitten av 2025, kommer Bolidens produktion av zink och koppar i koncentrat att öka med 95 % respektive 43 %, baserat på 2023 års produktionssiffror.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Avtal om förvärv av gruvorna Neves-Corvo och Zinkgruvan I december meddelade Boliden att man ingått ett slutgiltigt avtal med Lundin Mining om att förvärva Neves- Corvo-gruvan i Portugal och Zinkgruvan i Sverige. Den initiala kontanta köpeskillingen för enheterna uppgår till 1 300 MUSD på en kassa- och skuldfri basis, plus en villkorad tilläggsköpeskilling om upp till 150 MUSD. Transaktionen, som avsevärt stärker Bolidens gruvproduktion samt interna försörjning av zink- och kopparkoncentrat, är föremål för sedvanliga myndighetsgodkännanden och förväntas slutföras i mitten av 2025.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vår kärnverksamhet är basmetaller Genom historien har metaller bidragit till mänsklighetens framsteg i både stort och smått. Efterfrågan på de basmetaller vi producerar förväntas bli högre än någonsin i takt med att klimatomställningen fortskrider.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vårt kärnerbjudande består av basmetallerna zink, koppar, nickel och bly som alla är avgörande för samhällsfunktioner som elproduktion och -överföring, livsmedelsproduktion, transporter och sjukvård.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Stål galvaniseras med hjälp av zink för att skydda materialet, vilket ökar motståndskraften mot tuffa väderförhållanden. Därför används zink i till exempel vindkraftverk och fordonschassin.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Rörelseresultat exkl. omvärdering av processlager Gruvor Finansiell utveckling Gruvor Merparten av Affärsområde Gruvors försäljning sker till Affärsområde Smältverk och sker på marknadsmässiga villkor. Intäkterna ökade till 21 202 (18 683) MSEK varav extern försäljning uppgick till 3 547 (1 331) MSEK.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Raw Materials and Supplies We rely on suppliers and commodity markets to secure components and raw materials such as copper, aluminum and steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our reliance on suppliers and commodity markets to secure components (such as motors and valves), finished goods (including products purchased directly from suppliers for resale), and raw materials (such as copper, aluminum and steel), as well as on service providers to deliver our products, exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials, products, and services.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In 2025, our expectation that there is developing demand for low-carbon ammonia for new applications of our products was confirmed through our joint venture partners, JERA and Mitsui. They have committed low-carbon ammonia volumes from the Blue Point joint venture for power generation and steel production, among other uses, which represent new applications for our products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In addition, our low-carbon products are expected to be used for existing and new applications, such as power generation and steel production in Japan, and to help customers reduce the economic impact of European regulations on the price of carbon.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Just nu pågår de största investeringarna i modern tid på vår marknad. Många av dessa är riktade mot den gröna industriella omställningen, samtidigt som det sker betydande satsningar inom basindustrin, försvaret, nyetableringar av företag och ett växande utbud av stadsnära erbjudanden och tjänster.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Strategin syftar till att samordna insatser och investeringar för att stödja den pågående gröna industriella transformationen i norra Sverige. Minst 1 500 miljarder kronor beräknas investeras i svensk basindustri, exempelvis stål- och skogsindustrin.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB omstrukturerar hela sin nordiska produktionskedja och investerar 6,2 miljarder kronor i en eldriven ljusbågsugn. Genom att ersätta den traditionella masugnen – som ensam står för 10 procent av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp – kan landets totala klimatavtryck minskas med tre procentenheter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“While the required raw materials are generally available, commodity pricing can be volatile, particularly for various grades of steel, copper, aluminum and select other commodities.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Commodity Price Exposure Some of our businesses are exposed to volatility in the prices of certain commodities, such as aluminum, steel, copper and various precious metals, among others.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“DuPont’s operations require the continued availability of energy and raw materials and rely on third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and service providers. The Company’s supply chains are complex and extend across multiple countries in all regions of the world, and, therefore, are subject to global economic and geopolitical dynamics and risks.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Keskitymme esimerkiksi vähäpäästöisen teräksen kysynnän kasvattamiseen ja autokannan sähköistämiseen.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Liiketoimintamalli ja arvoketju Enersensen keskeisiä tuotantopanoksia ovat teräs, sähkö- ja tietoliikennelaitteet ja alihankintapalvelut.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Mahdollisuus Oma toiminta Lyhyt–keskipitkä Energia Teräksen tuotannon energiaintensiteetin vaikutukset kasvihuonekaasupäästöihin. Todellinen, negatiivinen vaikutus Arvoketjun alkupää Keskipitkä–pitkä Enersensellä on energiaintensiivisiä toimia ja polttoaineen käyttö on yksi suurimmista suorien kasvihuonekaasujen lähteistä.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Todellinen, negatiivinen vaikutus Arvoketjun alkupää Lyhyt–keskipitkä E5 Resurssien sisäänvirtaukset ja resurssien käyttö Enersensen toiminnassa käytetään paljon terästä, jolla on merkittäviä ympäristö- ja yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia. Infrastruktuurihankkeet ovat luonnonvaraintensiivisimpiä, sisältäen materiaaleja kuten rautaja terästuotteet, sementti ja betoni. Todellinen, negatiivinen vaikutus Arvoketjun alkupää, oma toiminta Lyhyt–pitkä ENERSENSE | KESTÄVYYSRAPORTTI | 45 Kestävyysaihe Vaikutuksen, riskin tai mahdollisuuden kuvaus Vaikutuksen luonne/ riski/mahdollisuus Arvoketjun kohta Aikahorisontti Sosiaaliset tiedot S1 Työllisyysturva Pitkäaikaiset työsuhteet lisäävät henkilökohtaista hyvinvointia taloudellisen vakauden ja tulevaisuutta koskevan stressin vähenemisen kautta.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Enersensen liiketoiminnan luonteen vuoksi suurin osa kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä syntyy alkupään arvoketjussa teräksen ja betonin tuotannossa. Enersensen suorista kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä merkittävin osa aiheutuu ajoneuvojen ja koneiden polttoainekulutuksesta.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Toimittajavalintojen kautta Enersense kehittää tuote- ja palveluvalikoimaansa ympäristöystävällisempään suuntaan, esimerkiksi hankkimalla vähäpäästöisempää terästä ja betonia.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Yhtiö toteutti yhdessä asiakkaan kanssa kolme pilottihanketta, joissa hyödynnettiin kierrätysterästä sekä -betonia sähköasemien ja voimajohtoprojektien rakenteissa.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“E5 – Resurssien käyttö ja kiertotalous E5-1 – Resurssien käyttöön ja kiertotalouteen liittyvät toimintaperiaatteet Enersense soveltaa toimittajien vastuullisen toimintatavan ohjeita (Supplier Code of Conduct) hallitakseen rakennusmateriaalien käyttöön, kuten teräkseen, liittyvää vaikutusta. Toimittajien vastuullisen toimintatavan ohjeiden mukaan toimittajilta edellytetään rajallisten resurssien, kuten energian, veden ja raaka-aineiden tehokasta käyttöä sekä kierrätyksen ja uudelleenkäytön edistämistä. Yritys arvostaa toimittajia, jotka tarjoavat innovatiivisia ja hiilijalanjälkeä pienentäviä ratkaisuja toimitusketjussa.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Stål är det främst förekommande råmaterialet i våra produkter, därefter metaller så som järn och aluminiumbrons, elektronik och plast.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“92 procent av de redovisade materialen utgörs av stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Large quantities of construction materials are utilised in the construction and renovation of buildings, with concrete and steel being the most common. The key ingredient in concrete is cement, which is made from limestone extracted from quarries. Suppliers: Entra normally spends around NOK 2.5 billion per year on external suppliers. The main suppliers include the largest construction companies in Norway and their sub-suppliers, such as carpenters, electricians, and plumbers.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The most commonly used construction materials are concrete, metal, and timber.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Trots den svaga marknadsmiljön för tillbehör under 2024 är vi övertygade om att dessa förvärv ger oss goda förutsättningar att dra nytta av en stark strukturell tillväxttrend inom stadsutveckling, nedmontering och återvinning. På lång sikt väntas byggmarknaden växa med 4-5% per år, och tillbehör som används för nedmontering och återvinning av stål och koppar väntas växa ännu snabbare.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Cirka 75% av produktkostnaden utgörs av inköpt material.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“De största kategorierna av direkt inköpta råvaror eller komponenter är stål, maskinbearbetade delar, svetsning och hydrauliska delar.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“We are currently experiencing rising construction costs which reflect the increase in cost of labor and raw materials, supply chain and logistic challenges, and high demand in our sector.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“At this time, we believe the largest potential tariff impact for us is related to steel and steel derivatives. Tariffs on steel and steel derivatives could lead to significant building cost increases for us if we are unable to source alternative options.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In addition, as we are building new, or expanding existing, IBX data centers, we are subject to commodity price risk for building materials related to the construction of these IBX data centers, such as steel and copper.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Coal During 2026, Evergy's generating units, including jointly-owned units, are projected to use approximately 16 million tons of coal. Evergy Kansas Central, Evergy Metro and Evergy Missouri West have entered into coal-purchase contracts with various suppliers in Wyoming's Powder River Basin (PRB), the nation's principal supply region of low-sulfur coal, and with local suppliers. The coal to be provided under these contracts is expected to satisfy approximately 75%, 55% and 40% of the projected coal requirements for 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Fuel Type Estimated 2026 MW Capacity Percent of Total Capacity Coal 5,930 37 % Wind(a) 4,525 29 Natural gas and oil 4,229 27 Uranium 1,106 7 Solar and landfill gas 22 — Total capacity 15,812 100 % (a) MWs are based on nameplate capacity of the wind facility.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In the United States, net sales include basic products that contain significant amounts of commodity-priced materials, predominantly plastic, copper and steel, and other components which can be subject to volatile price changes based upon fluctuations in the commodities market. These commodity based products can represent up to approximately 15% of annual net sales.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Some of our products are, or contain significant amounts of, commodity-priced materials, predominantly plastic, copper and steel, and other components that are subject to price changes based upon fluctuations in the commodities market, which can arise from changes in domestic and international supply and demand, general inflationary and deflationary pressures, labor costs, competition, trade restrictions, such as tariffs, sanctions and retaliatory countermeasures and geopolitical conflict, among other factors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Commodity price risk Some of the Company’s products contain significant amounts of commodity-priced materials, predominantly plastic, copper and steel, and other components which are subject to price changes based upon fluctuations in the commodities market.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Prices for equipment, materials, supplies, employee labor contractor services, together with the cost of variable-rate debt, have increased in recent years and could continue to increase in 2026 and beyond. Inflation and broader economic conditions have continued to drive up the price of the cost of essential components used in the construction of transmission infrastructure, such as electrical equipment, steel and aluminum, and we may experience supply chain disruptions and long lead times for critical equipment.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Compliance with emissions standards, ZEV requirements, fuel economy standards, OBD requirements, emissions warranty requirements, and related regulations can be challenging and can drive increased product development costs, production costs, higher retail prices, warranty costs, and vehicle recalls.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In 2023, the EU adopted the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (“CBAM”), which will subject certain imported materials (such as iron, steel, and aluminum) to a carbon levy linked to the carbon price payable on domestic goods under the European Trading Scheme. The EU CBAM is expected to increase our costs of importing such materials from 2026 onwards and/or limit our ability to import lower cost materials from non-EU countries.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“As with other manufacturers, the profitability of our business is affected by many factors, including: •Wholesale unit volumes •Margin of profit on each vehicle sold - which, in turn, is affected by many factors, such as: ◦Market factors - volume and mix of vehicles and options sold, and net pricing (reflecting, among other factors, incentive programs) ◦Costs of components and raw materials necessary for production of vehicles ◦Costs for customer warranty claims and additional service actions ◦Costs for safety, emissions, and fuel economy technology and equipment •A high proportion of relatively fixed structural costs, so that small changes in wholesale unit volumes can significantly affect overall profitability Although supply disruptions have resulted in a higher level of new vehicle prices, our industry has historically had a very competitive pricing environment, driven in part by excess capacity.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“As a result, significant changes in commodity and energy prices, foreign currency exchange rates, or interest rates as well as increased material, freight, logistics, and similar costs could have a substantial adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Commodity price risk is the possibility that our financial results could be worse than planned because of changes in the prices of commodities used in the manufacture of our products, such as base metals (e.g., steel, copper, and aluminum), precious metals (e.g., palladium), energy (e.g., natural gas and electricity), plastics/resins (e.g., polypropylene), and battery raw materials (e.g., lithium, cobalt, and nickel).”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Suppliers of Raw Materials, Components and Equipment Our primary raw material inputs are steel, copper and aluminum, all of which are purchased from third parties and, in many cases, are part of machined or manufactured components.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The principal raw materials that we use to produce our products include steel, copper and aluminum as well as batteries and advanced electronic components.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Faktisk negativ påverkan HANZAs produktionsprocesserna har ett högt materialinnehåll, för elektronik normalt 60-70 procent och mekanik normalt 40-50 procent av tillverkningskostnaden, vilket innebär utvinning av resurser.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“HANZAs mål för avfall och resursförbrukning Måluppfyllnad Årligen minska avfall i förhållande till omsättningen för elektronik (ton spill/MSEK) Uppfyllt Uppfyllt Årligen minska avfall i förhållande till omsättningen för mekanik (ton spill/MSEK) Uppfyllt Uppfyllt Årligen minska farligt avfall i förhållande till omsättningen för elektronik (ton farligt avfall/ MSEK) Ej uppfyllt Delvis uppfyllt Årligen minska farligt avfall i förhållande till omsättningen för mekanik (ton farligt avfall/ MSEK) Ej uppfyllt Uppfyllt Tillverkade produkter per tillverkning sområde, enheter Antal (miljoner) Elektronik 36,6 22,6 Mekanik 14,4 14,6 Totalt 51 37,2 Resursanvändning 2024 2023 Stål, ton 19 918 N/A Järn, ton 141 N/A Aluminium, ton 411 N/A Mässing, ton 112 N/A Koppar, ton 28 N/A Brons, ton 4 N/A Totalt material, ton 20 614 22 740 Vatten, m i förhållande till intäkter 0,010 0,010 Färdiga produkter Produkter som lämnar HANZA är producerade alternativt förädlade i HANZAs produktionsprocesser för kunders räkning.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Prisvariationer på insatsvaror – HANZAs kunduppdrag sträcker sig ofta över långa tidsperioder, under vilka aktuella materialpriser naturligt kan variera. Stora prisökningar på insatsvaror och tillverkningsmaterial skulle kunna påverka bolagets verksamhet, finansiella ställning och resultat negativt.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Harvia’s business is dependent on the availability of main raw materials, which are wood and steel, used in the manufacturing of Harvia’s products, as well as heater stones. material impacts, risks and opportunities related to own workforce Harvia identified and assessed material own workforce-related impacts, risks and opportunities in its double materiality assessment.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Consumption of natural resources Natural resources, non-renewable virgin materials and non-recyclable content in raw materials will always be needed to some extent.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The main materials used in manufacturing Harvia’s products are steel and wood. On average, the stainless steel Harvia uses is approximately 90% recycled steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“This may affect raw materials' profitability and increase costs due to higher material prices, updating products and manufacturing methods when shifting to sustainable alternatives, availability issues due to high-demand, supplier lock-ins and negative impacts on product reliability and quality.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Harvia manages waste creation by preventing it at the source, improving process efficiency, and promoting recycling and reuse throughout its operations. responsible sourcing, with a commitment to using recycled stainless steel (averaging approximately 90% recycled content) and sustainably sourced, deforestation-free wood materials.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The absolute weight of secondary reused or recycled components, secondary intermediary products and secondary materials used to manufacture the undertaking’s products and services (including packaging) (1,000 kg) 4,200 2,500 68% Percentage of secondary reused or recycled components, secondary intermediary products and secondary materials 16% 12% +4 p.p.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Resource use efficiency opportunity Improved resource efficiency has been a strength for Harvia with reduced material costs and efficient production performance. By using fewer materials, optimizing material use for products, and adopting and increasing the amount of recycled material Harvia has gained lower long-term cost of revenue and increased operational efficiency.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Liiketoimintamalli ja arvoketju Koska Hiabin liiketoimintamalli perustuu kevyeen taserakenteeseen ja pääasiassa laitteiden kokoonpanoon keskittyvään tuotantoon, se on hyvin riippuvainen toimittajistaan ja niiden kyvystä toimittaa komponentteja ajoissa.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Hiabin laitteissa käytettävän teräksen valmistus on suurin yksittäinen kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen lähde yhtiön toimitusketjussa.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“(L) – Hiabin tuotevalikoiman hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämisen kannalta tärkeiden materiaalien niukka saatavuus ja korkeat kustannukset.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Kumppanuuden tarkoituksena on tuoda fossiiliton teräs kuormankäsittelyalalle.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Tämä tarkoittaa, että Hiab työskentelee laajan ja monimutkaisen toimittajaverkoston kanssa hankkiakseen esimerkiksi teräsrakenteita, akkumineraaleja ja erilaisia komponentteja.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Keskeisiä päämääriä ovat vähäpäästöisten materiaalien käyttö ja ekoratkaisujen tuoteryhmän myynnin lisääminen.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Hiab pyrkii varmistamaan, että se saa varhain markkinoilta käyttöönsä vähäpäästöistä terästä sekä suunnittelemaan tuotteensa siten, että niiden valmistuksessa voidaan käyttää vähemmän terästä tai vaihtoehtoisia materiaaleja. Yhtiön pyrkimys lisätä tuotannossa käytettävän vähäpäästöisen tai kierrätetyn teräksen osuutta näkyy Hiabin strategisessa kumppanuudessa teräsvalmistaja SSAB:n kanssa.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Määritellessään liiketoiminnan harjoittamiseen liittyviä olennaisia vaikutuksia, riskejä ja mahdollisuuksia Hiab sisällytti arviointiin yhtiön maailmanlaajuiset toiminnot ja arvoketjun kokonaisuudessaan. Tähän sisältyi erilaisia toimipaikkoja ympäri maailmaa, useita aloja (kuten teräksen valmistus ja asiakkaiden toiminta eri sektoreilla) sekä monia mahdollisia kestävyyteen kytkeytyviä teemoja, jotka liittyivät erityisesti kyseisiin paikkoihin ja teollisuudenaloihin.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Additionally, in 2025, the U.S. announced a series of significant new tariffs to be imposed on goods from a broad set of countries, including, but not limited to, Canada, China, Mexico, European Union member states and various other countries around the world. The U.S. also announced new tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum, which took effect in March 2025.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We use a variety of raw materials in the production of our products including steel, aluminum, brass, copper, bronze, zinc, nickel, plastics, elastomers and petrochemicals. We also purchase certain electrical and electronic components, including solenoids, printed circuit boards, integrated circuit chips and cord sets from a number of suppliers.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Certain of these materials are sourced from a limited number of suppliers. These materials may also be a key source of materials for many other companies in our industry or within industrial manufacturers in general. As such, in periods of rising demand for these materials, we may experience both increased costs and limited supply. Significant shortages in the availability of these materials or significant price increases could increase our operating costs and adversely impact the competitive positions of our products, which could adversely impact our results of operations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Koncernens verksamhet och resultat påverkas av prissättningsförändringar vad gäller råvaror och komponenter. De viktigaste råvarorna är stål, aluminium och olika typer av plaster.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Our main material inputs are steel, polymers, and nickel in addition to some chemicals and lye. Our electrode technology does not rely on any noble metals or rare-earth elements.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Steel usage remains one of the major contributors to HydrogenPro’s carbon footprint, as steel production is a carbon-intensive process with significant greenhouse gas emissions  mitigate this impact in the short term, we have prioritized sourcing steel from suppliers with strong sustainability commitments and focus on minimizing scrap during the manufacturing  our collaboration with a steel supplier that proactively integrates ESG considerations into its corporate strategy and is committed to a low-carbon transition, including transparent reporting on its progress.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Steel is the major material input in the manufacturing of HydrogenPro  we purchase are not delivered in the exact shapes and sizes that  leads to a considerable quantity of steel scrap, which has attracted significant attention within our  continuously work to establish new relationships to sub-suppliers with advanced manufacturing methods for goods and parts that would reduce base metals waste significantly.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Fluctuation in commodity prices of steel and nickel may also impact the  has not yet undertaken any hedging activity and may experience both upside and down- side risks from these positions. However, the Company seeks to partly hedge price risk through agreements with suppliers or agents and minimize the commodity price exposure through sourcing steel raw material with already formed shaped, thus reducing quantity of the raw material and correspondingly reduce the impact  reduces the carbon footprint.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“In 2024, we continued to make progress in optimizing our manufacturing processes to reduce steel waste and minimize associated carbon emissions. A key initiative has been the refinement of our material utilization strategy, where steel scrap from production is now categorized into two distinct types: corner offcuts, which are waste, and central sections, which remain intact and are returned to the steel mill for  materials can then be supplied to other customers for various applications, reinforcing resource efficiency and supporting circular economy principles.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“world’s ten largest hydrogen projects: the Salzgitter project in Germany and the Advanced Clean Energy Storage   with Andritz, to Salzgitter AG, one of Europe’s largest steel    world’s largest clean hydrogen hub, and is a Joint Venture between Chevron USA and Mitsubishi Power.  store, and deliver green hydrogen, with the capacity to convert and store up to 100 metric tons of clean hydrogen   of energy, for dispatch back to the grid when needed.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The global geopolitical and trade environment has resulted in raw material inflation and potential for increased escalation of domestic and international tariffs and retaliatory trade policies.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Raw material price increases and supply shortages could adversely affect results. The supply of raw materials to the Company and to its component parts suppliers could be interrupted for a variety of reasons, including availability and pricing.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Raw Materials The Company uses raw materials of various types, primarily steel, resins and chemicals, that are available from numerous commercial sources.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Products in this segment include: •arc welding equipment; and •metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Large or rapid increases in the cost of raw materials and component parts, substantial decreases in their availability or our dependence on particular suppliers of raw materials and component parts could materially and adversely affect our operating results. Our primary raw materials, directly and indirectly, are cast iron, aluminum and steel. We also purchase a large number of motors and, therefore, also have exposure to changes in the price of copper, which is a primary component of motors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Raw Materials and Suppliers We purchase a wide variety of raw materials to manufacture our products. Our most significant commodity exposures are to cast iron, aluminum and steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Sannolikheten för att kostnader och tillgång för klimatpåver - kande produkter, såsom betong och stål, förväntas öka. De finansiella konsekvenserna för dessa kostnader förväntas däremot att minska jämfört med scenarioanalysen föregående år.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Kostnader för råvaror och material Planering Produktion Ökad kostnad: • Råvaror • Material • Import • Logistik Effektiv planering Effektiv produktion Leverantörsval Hanteras enligt: • Avtalshantering • Upphandling • Ramavtal 4. Klimatpåverkande produkter (betong och stål) Planering Produktion Ökad kostnad: • Betong • Stål Teknisk utveckling Andra material, t.ex. trä, klimatförbättrad betong och stål Hanteras genom delaktighet i: • Branschutveckling • Forskning • Färdplaner 5.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Inom produktionen använder JM flera material som leder till stora utsläpp av växhusgaser, exempelvis betong och stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Kokoonpanopohjaisen valmistusmallin, neljän tehtaan ja kahden innovaatiokeskuksen avulla Kalmar priorisoi vahvojen ja kestävien suhteiden rakentamista materiaalitoimittajiensa kanssa ympäri maailmaa.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Yhtiö sisällyttää kiertotalouden periaatteet tuotteisiinsa seuraavasti: • Kestävyys: Kalmarin tuotteet on suunniteltu pitkäikäisiksi; niiden odotettu käyttöikä vaihtelee 20 000:sta 80 000 tuntiin tuotteen mukaan. • Korjattavuus ja uudelleenkäyttö: Tuotteen korjattavuus on keskeinen näkökohta suunnitteluvaiheessa, sillä se mahdollistaa kunnostuksen ja uudelleenkäytön. Kalmar tarjoaa elinkaariratkaisuja, jotka pidentävät tuotteiden käyttöikää ja pitävät laitteet toiminnassa kauemmin. • Kierrätettävyys: Kalmarin tuotteet valmistetaan pääasiassa teräksestä, jonka kierrätettävyys on erittäin hyvä.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Teräksen kokonaispaino sisältää kaikki materiaaliluokat, jotka koostuvat kokonaan tai lähes kokonaan teräksestä ja joihin Kalmarissa viitataan yleisesti ”teräsrakenteina”. Huomioitava on, että Kalmarin tuotteissa käytetyn teräksen kokonaismäärä on suurempi, koska muiden hankintaluokkien teräspitoisuutta ei ole sisällytetty tähän lukuun.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Karnells dotterbolag köper in flera olika sorters material och råvaror inom ramen för sina verksamheter, bland annat metaller, plast och kemikalier.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Our business requires access to steel and other materials to construct and maintain our pipelines. Any imposition of or increase in tariffs on imports of steel or other materials, as well as corresponding price increases for such materials available domestically, could increase our construction costs and our costs to maintain our assets.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Innsatsfaktorer Råmaterialer som stål, jern, aluminium, kompositt og titan er bestanddeler i utviklingen av våre avanserte teknologier og løsninger. Disse råmaterialene bearbeides til kritiske komponenter, inkludert moduler, støpte eller smidde deler, elektrisk utstyr og kabler, og hydraulikk.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“En del av produktporteføljen vår omfatter en betydelig mengde sekundære råvarer og energikrevende innsatsfaktorer, inkludert kategorier som fabrikasjoner, støpegods, smiing og elektronikk, laget av materialer som inkluderer stål, kobber, jern og aluminium.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Komponenter til produksjon av skip er hovedsakelig laget av metaller som aluminium (Al) og stål, sammen med små mengder gummi og potensielt oljer og fett for maskinsmøring.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace bruker resirkulerbare materialer som aluminium, stål og kobber.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Tariffs, export controls, additional taxes, trade barriers, sanctions, the termination or modification of trade agreements, trade zones, and other duty mitigation initiatives, and any reciprocal retaliatory actions, can increase our manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, disrupt our supply chain operations, or inhibit our ability to sell products or provide services, all of which has had and in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. For example, our business requires steel and aluminum to manufacture our products, and the imposition of tariffs on steel and aluminum imports into the United States increased our manufacturing costs in fiscal year 2026, which adversely impacted our margins.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“Our business may be materially and adversely impacted by changes in U.S. or global economic conditions, including recessions, economic downturns, inflation, deflation, fluctuations in interest rates, consumer spending rates, energy availability and commodity prices, and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Compressors, motors and controls constitute our most significant component purchases, while steel, aluminum and copper account for the bulk of our raw material purchases.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We depend on raw materials, such as steel, copper and aluminum, and components purchased from third parties to manufacture our products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We utilize a cash flow hedging program to mitigate our exposure to volatility in the prices of metal commodities used in our production processes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“En væsentlig negativ indvirkning relaterer sig til koncernens høje forbrug af primære råstoffer, særligt beton og stål, som medfører betydelige miljømæssige påvirkninger i forbindelse med udvinding, forarbejdning og transport. Det omfattende materialeforbrug er en grundlæggende forudsætning for gennemførelsen af koncernens bygge- og anlægsprojekter.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Även grönt stål och kemikalieindustrin drar nytta av divisionens lösningar.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Inom gjuterier och smältverk bidrar den gröna omställningen till en långsiktig ökning av efterfrågan, särskilt inom återvinning, som visade god tillväxt under året.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vi har som mål att minst 50 procent av vår totala inköpsvolym av stål, aluminium och polyesterfilterpåsar ska komma från återvunna källor senast 2030.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Särskilt fokus ligger på stål (tillgänglighet och prisfluktuationer), halvledare (beroende av ett fåtal tillverkare), samt motorer och andra kritiska komponenter som är avgörande för våra produkter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Beskrivning av leverantörskedjan Vår värdekedja uppströms avser främst leverans av produkter och komponenter som innehåller tre råvaror: stål, aluminium och polyester.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Våra åtaganden Förbättra resurseffektiviteten genom att: Göra mer av mindre Förlänga livslängden på våra produkter Använda mer återvunna material Huvudsakligt mål Minst 50 procent av vår totala inköpsvolym av stål, aluminium och polyesterfilterpåsar ska komma från återvunna källor senast 2030.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Average gold prices for 2025 were $3,432 per ounce (2024: $2,386; 2023: $1,941), average copper prices for 2025 were $4.51 per pound (2024: $4.15; 2023: $3.85), average silver prices for 2025 were $40.03 per ounce (2024: $28.27; 2023: $23.35), average lead prices for 2025 were $0.89 per pound (2024: $0.94; 2023: $0.97), and average zinc prices for 2025 were $1.30 per pound (2024: $1.26; 2023: $1.20).”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“En stor del av koncernens kostnader är materialkostnader i form av råvaror och komponenter. Till största delen består dessa av metaller vars priser är fastställda i dollar och noterade på Londons metallbörs, LME.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“After recent years of weakened effectiveness due to country exemptions and product exclusions, the Section 232 steel tariffs were fully reinstated in 2025 without exceptions or exclusions, and were broadened to cover approximately 600 fabricated steel products. These comprehensive tariffs have been more effective in combating circumvention behaviors and keeping unfairly traded imports out of the U.S. market.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Industry Specific Risk Factors Overcapacity in the global steel industry could increase the level of steel imports into the United States, which may negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Global steel production overcapacity continues to be an ongoing risk to Nucor and the entire steel industry. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) has estimated global steel production overcapacity to be approximately 704 million net tons in 2025. This level of excess capacity is eight times the current annual steel production in the United States.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“China continues to be a significant contributor to excess steelmaking capacity, producing more than one billion net tons of steel in each of the past eight years, despite experiencing slower economic growth. Chinese steel producers are also investing in new steelmaking capacity in several countries in southeast Asia and Africa. As a result, the OECD projects that excess global steel capacity could increase nearly 20% to an estimated 795 million net tons by 2027.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Steel manufacturers in non-market economies, such as China, tend not to adjust their production levels in line with regional demand and instead export significant amounts of steel and steel products at prices that can be at or below their costs of production. In countries with non-market economies, the steel industry is often subsidized or owned in whole or in part by the government, which can provide these producers with cost advantages or cause their production decisions to be driven by political or social factors rather than price and demand signals. Surplus output from steel producers in these countries can flow into the U.S. market. These exports to the U.S. can result in downward pressure on realized steel prices for Nucor, adversely affecting our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our Challenges and Risks Global steel production overcapacity continues to be an ongoing risk to Nucor and the entire steel industry. The OECD has estimated that global steel production overcapacity in 2025 is approximately 704 million net tons.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Nucor operates two DRI plants which supplied approximately 3,300,000 metric tons of material with world-class metallization rates and carbon content to our steel mills in 2025.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Nucor’s DRI production and brokering capabilities provide our steel mills flexibility to quickly adjust their metallic input mix to changing market conditions, enabling them to maintain competitiveness in the often-volatile ferrous scrap market. With the potential for high-quality scrap to become scarcer, coupled with the risk of third-party supplier disruptions, Nucor’s DRI facilities provide a greater degree of certainty over metallics supply to its steel mills. • Natural gas production programs - Nucor owns operating wells and leasehold interests in natural gas properties in the South Piceance Basin in the Western Slope of Colorado.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“EAF-based steel producers, such as Nucor, are more sensitive to increases in scrap prices but tend to have lower capital and fixed operating costs compared with large integrated steel producers.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The primary raw material for our steel products segment is steel produced by Nucor’s steel mills.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“An uncertainty we continue to face in our business is the price of our principal raw material, ferrous scrap, which is volatile and often increases or decreases rapidly in response to changes in domestic demand, unanticipated events that affect the flow of scrap into scrap yards, the availability of scrap substitutes, currency fluctuations and changes in foreign demand for scrap.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The average scrap and scrap substitute cost per gross ton used was $392 in 2025, which was a 1% decrease from $394 in 2024. Scrap prices are driven by the global supply and demand for scrap and other iron-based raw materials used to make steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Nucor enters into contracts for the purchase of scrap and scrap substitutes, iron ore, electricity, natural gas, and other raw materials and related services.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Commodity Price Risk – In the ordinary course of business, Nucor is exposed to market risk for price fluctuations of raw materials and energy, principally scrap, steel, other ferrous and non-ferrous metals, alloys and natural gas.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our Strengths and Opportunities We are North America’s most diversified steel producer.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our investment in DRI production facilities and scrap brokerage and processing businesses provides Nucor with significant flexibility in optimizing our raw materials costs. Additionally, having a portion of our raw materials supply under our control reduces risk associated with the global sourcing of raw materials.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Nucor is North America’s largest recycler, using scrap steel as the primary raw material in producing steel and steel products. In 2025, we recycled approximately 20 million gross tons of scrap steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The steel mills segment sold approximately 19,848,000 tons to outside customers in 2025.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In the steel mills segment, sales tons for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 % Change Outside steel shipments 19,848 18,480 7 % Inside steel shipments 5,423 4,646 17 % Total steel shipments 25,271 23,126 9 % Net sales for the steel mills segment increased 7% in 2025 compared to the prior year due to a 7% increase in volumes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our primary external customers for ferrous scrap are EAF steel mills and foundries that use ferrous scrap as a raw material in their manufacturing process.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Issues with suppliers, (such as a disruption in deliveries, capacity and credit constraints, production disruptions, quality issues and supplier closings or bankruptcies), price increases or decreased availability of raw materials or commodities (particularly steel) have in the past had and could in the future have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or could increase our operating costs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our reliance on suppliers (including third-party manufacturers) and commodity markets to secure the raw materials and components used in our products exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We are exposed to volatility in the prices of commodities used in some of our products and component parts, such as steel, aluminum and copper, among others.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“De största utsläppen av växthusgaser från Peabs verksamhet har främst koppling till material som används i vår produktion, såsom betong, stål och asfalt.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Ett led i det är vårt fokus på insatsvaror, där vi har kommit långt. Insatsmaterial, markberedning, grundläggning, prefabricerade byggelement och stommar är exempel på ingående delar oavsett vad som ska byggas.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vi följer dessutom kontinuerligt de affärskritiska kategorierna som bränsle, el, bitumen och stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Ett sådant är det samarbete vi har med SSAB kring fossilfritt tillverkat stål och där vi under 2024 bland annat kunde använda SSAB Zero i våra projekt. Det är stål baserat på återvunnet stål som är fossilfritt tillverkat och transporterat.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Stål Genom Peabs partnerskap med stålproducenten SSAB kring fossilfritt stål, ska vi från och med 2026 börja använda stål som tillverkats fossilfritt i våra bygg- och anläggningsprojekt.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Därtill arbetar vi med att utveckla lösningar som innebär att material som idag har stor klimatpåverkan substitueras i så stor utsträckning som möjligt med hänsyn till teknologi, prestanda, kvalitet och marknad samt att förutsättningarna för återbruk och återvinning förbättras ständigt.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Merit, ett slaggbaserat bindemedel som används som ersättning för cement i betong, har ett väsentligt lägre klimatavtryck än traditionell cement. Tillverkningen av ett ton Merit genererar ett klimatavtryck som motsvarar 3-6 procent av det som uppstår vid tillverkningen av ett ton cement.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“2021 ingick vi som första svenska bygg- och anläggningsföretag partnerskap med SSAB kring fossilfritt stål, vilket innebär att vi från och med 2026 börjar använda stål som tillverkas fossilfritt i våra bygg- och anläggningsprojekt. Men vi har i några projekt redan använt såväl det fossilfritt tillverkade stålet som det återvunna stålet SSAB Zero, som är både fossilfritt tillverkat och transporterat.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Raw materials The principal materials we use in manufacturing our products are mild steel, stainless steel, electronic components (including drives and motors), plastics (resins, fiberglass, epoxies), metals and paint (powder and liquid).”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Certain commodities, such as metals and resins, are subject to commodity market and duty-driven price fluctuations. We manage these fluctuations through several mechanisms, including long-term agreements with price adjustment clauses for significant commodity market movements in certain circumstances.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In recent years, we have experienced inflationary cost increases of raw materials, such as metals and resins, drives and motors, as well as increases in logistics, transportation, energy, insurance and labor costs (including wages, pensions and health care benefits). The ongoing volatile market for commodities has the potential to continue to drive price increases in our supply chain.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Armeringsstål 64.768 [ton]”

Annual report 2025B · From the report

“Opstrøms, nedstrøms og egne operationer E5 RESSOURCETILSTRØMNING, HERUNDER RESSOURCEFORBRUG Påvirkning, risiko eller mulighed Navn Værdikæde Tidshorisont Negativ påvirkning Gennem et stort forbrug af CO2-intensive materialer har koncernen en væsentlig påvirkning. Det gælder fx materialer som stål, spuns, cement og færdigbeton samt materialetransport.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Transitionsrisici fra klima- og ressourceintensive materialer Fysisk/transitionel Nye reguleringer og markedsforventninger til lavere emissioner kan kræve omstilling og kan påvirke markedsadgang. Stålproduktion er afhængig af stabile energi- og klimaforhold.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“- Genanvendt indhold 25.793 4 Cement 115.959 - Genanvendt indhold 10.492 9 Armeringsstål 64.768 - Genanvendt indhold 62.405 96 Anlægskomponenter i stål 19.823 - Genanvendt indhold 12.793 65 Asfalt 158.657 - Genanvendt indhold 46.399 29 Total vægt 1.069.119 Total vægt genanvendt indhold 157.882 15 Det genanvendte indhold for de udvalgte materialekategorier findes ved at omregne scope 3-enheder til mængdeenheder.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“De primære materialer, som vi er i berøring med, er beton, cement, stål (blandt andet spuns og armeringsstål) og asfalt.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Riskienhallinta Konsernin käyttämät raaka-aineet ovat teräksen jatkojalosteita, muita raaka-aineita, komponentteja ja hyödykkeitä. Näiden raaka-aineiden markkinahintariskiä ei voida aktiivisesti suojata johdannaisilla. Teräksen hintariskiä hallitaan säännöllisellä hinnanvaihtelun analyysillä ja seurannalla.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Raute käyttää tuotannossaan pääasiassa teräksen jatkojalosteita ja lisäksi muita raaka-aineita, komponentteja ja hyödykkeitä.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Metallien osuus myytyjen laitteiden valmistuksessa käytetyistä materiaaleista on noin 95 %. Rauten hankintastrategian tavoitteena on minimoida saatavuusriskejä, vahvistaa arvonluontia, lisätä toiminnan joustavuutta skaalautuvalla hankinnalla sekä varmistaa kustannustehokas ja laadukas toiminta.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Kaivosmarkkinat hyötyivät vuoden 2025 aikana nousseista metallien maailmanmarkkinahinnoista, minkä seurauksena aktiviteetti oli läpi vuoden maailmanlaajuisesti korkealla tasolla.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“2.2 Tuotannon materiaalit ja palvelut Tilikaudella 2025 kuluiksi kirjatut tuotantoon liittyvät materiaalit ja palvelut olivat 49 634 tuhatta euroa (59 963 tuhatta euroa tilikaudella 2024). Materiaalit ja palvelut koostuvat raaka-ainehankinnoista kuten teräksestä, volframikarbidista, välitystuotteista ja vaihto-omaisuuteen liittyvistä alihankintana ostetuista palveluista sekä varastojen muutoksista.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Selskapets største fotavtrykk på klima og miljø ligger i leverandørkjeden og de største utslippene kommer fra materialene som benyttes i byggene.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Resources Raw Materials and Purchased Product Snap-on’s supply of raw materials, including steel, and purchased components are generally available from numerous suppliers and the company continuously works to expand and enhance supplier relationships to meet its supply needs. Snap-on believes it has secured sufficient raw materials and purchased components for the near future to meet the expected general sales demand.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“The principal raw material used in the manufacture of our products is steel, which we purchase in competitive, price-sensitive markets.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“To meet Snap-on’s high quality standards, a portion of our steel needs include specialized alloys, which are available only from a limited group of approved suppliers.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“Intäkterna minskade med 24 % jämfört med 2023 och uppgick till 22 708 (29 775) Mkr. Lägre priser påverkade negativt med 19 procentenheter och lägre leveranser med 5 procentenheter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“På bolagets huvudmarknader, Europa och Nordamerika, försämrades efterfrågan och priser kontinuerligt under året.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Efterfrågan på SSABs huvudmarknader, Europa och Nordamerika, försvagades under året och stålpriserna hade en negativ trend.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Ökad konkurrens Stålmarknaden präglas av hög konkurrens. SSAB kan påverkas av att konkurrenter utvecklar nya produktionstekniker, produkter, tjänster och kunderbjudanden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Minskningen var hänförlig lägre priser och lägre leveranser.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Den amerikanska verksamheten använder återvunnet stålmaterial och köper skrot på spotmarknaden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Råvaru- och energiprisrisker: Råvaror och energi prissätts på marknaden och priserna varierar i allmänhet beroende på tillgången på råvaror och energi samt efterfrågan på stål. För att begränsa dessa risker har SSAB som mål att utveckla råvaruförsörjningen, inklusive olika skrotkvaliteter, och att säkerställa dubbla försörjningskällor där så är möjligt.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Tibnor köper och säljer material, producerat både av SSAB och andra leverantörer, och spelar en viktig roll när det gäller att säkra SSABs ledarskap på den nordiska hemmamarknaden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vi drar nytta av vår höga andel av specialprodukter och premiumstål, och vi har en bra geografisk diversifiering med närvaro i Europa, Nordamerika och på andra marknader.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vi fattade också det största investeringsbeslutet i SSABs historia – att bygga ett integrerat elektrostålverk i Luleå som stödjer den fortsatta mixförändringen till mer premiumprodukter, vilket även omfattar produkter med lägre CO2-utsläpp.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Special Steels har under lång tid byggt upp ett unikt försäljnings- och supportnätverk som kan serva kunder i hela världen, även mindre bolag i små kundsegment. Detta gör SSAB Special Steels mindre beroende av ett fåtal större kunder, vilket ger en mer stabil försäljning över konjunkturcykeln.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vi ompositionerar SSAB Europe från en tillverkare av standardstål till att majoriteten av affären utgörs av höghållfasta stål och andra premiumprodukter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vidare är målet att ha den mest flexibla produktionsstrukturen på marknaden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Strategin är att kontinuerligt öka volymerna av premiumprodukter och Automotive AHSSprodukter. Samtidigt kommer leveranserna av standardprodukter att minska, särskilt utanför hemmamarknaden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Beslut om nytt effektivt stålverk i Luleå I april 2024 fattade SSABs styrelse beslut om att investera i ett toppmodernt stålverk i Luleå. Det nya stålverket kommer att ha en kapacitet på 2,5 miljoner ton per år och bestå av två ljusbågsugnar och avancerad skänkmetallurgi med integrerat valsverk för tillverkning av SSABs specialstål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Europe, kommer masugnen, koksverket och stålverket att stängas och ersättas med en så kallad mini-mill (integrerat elektrostålverk). Det nya stålverket medför högre effektivitet, lägre andel fasta kostnader och drastiskt minskade CO2-utsläpp.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSABs strategi är att fokusera på hemmamarknaderna, samt segmenten för höghållfasta stål globalt, där efterfrågan är mer stabil.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB vill vara ledande inom hållbarhet, vilket omfattar ambitionen att bli världens säkraste stålföretag och att i stort sett ta bort koldioxidutsläppen från den egna verksamheten till omkring 2030. Detta innebär att SSAB avser att ställa om hela produktportföljen till produkter med lågt koldioxidavtryck.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“• Utsläpp av växthusgaser: Minskning med 48 % till 2033 jämfört med 2018. • Säkerhet: Olycksfallsfrekvens (LTIF) under 1,0 och total registrerbar skadefrekvens under 5,5 (avseende 2024). • Leveranser av utsläppsfritt stål (SSAB Zero): Leveranser av 100 000 ton av stålet SSAB Zero 2025.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Våra stål bygger bättre samhällen Lättare och starkare stål leder till säkrare och mer energieffektiva slutprodukter för våra kunder. Stål som dessutom är tillverkade med lägre koldioxidutsläpp bidrar till att bromsa den globala uppvärmningen. Tillsammans med våra kunder bidrar vi till en bättre vardag och bättre samhällen för framtiden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB är ett Norden- och USA-baserat stålföretag som bygger en starkare, SSAB Special Steels ansvarar globalt för försäljning av SSABs seghärdade stål (Quenched & Tempered, Q&T) och avancerade höghållfasta stål (AHSS), samt produktionsanläggningarna i Oxelösund, Sverige, och Mobile, USA. SSAB Europe ansvarar för försäljning av produkter inom tunnplåt, grovplåt och rör i Europa, den globala affären för kundsegmentet Automotive (AHSS) samt produktionsanläggningarna i Brahestad och Tavastehus, Finland, samt i Luleå och Borlänge, Sverige.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Americas ansvarar för försäljningen av grovplåt i Nordamerika samt för produktionsanläggningen i Montpelier, USA.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Tibnor är koncernens fullsortimentsdistributör av stål och metaller i Norden och Baltikum. Tibnor köper och säljer material, producerat av både SSAB och andra leverantörer.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Höghållfasta och seghärdade stål säljs över hela världen. Produktionsanläggningarna ligger i Sverige, Finland och USA och har en årlig produktionskapacitet på 8,8 miljoner ton råstål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB ÅRSREDOVISNING 202416 OM SSAB RAPPORTER INTRODUKTION MARKNAD OCH STRATEGI RÖRELSESEGMENT Marknad och strategi SSAB är en liten aktör på den globala stålmarknaden men är marknadsledande inom exempelvis seghärdat stål och avancerade höghållfasta stål, samt ledande i industrins gröna omställning.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Special Steels är en global stålleverantör och servicepartner för seghärdade och avancerade höghållfasta stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Special Steels är den största tillverkaren av höghållfasta stål globalt med en uppskattad marknadsandel på 25 %.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Special Steels har en bred portfölj av unika höghållfasta stål som används i flera olika segment, industrier och applikationer, till exempel Hardox (hög slitstyrka), Strenx (avancerat konstruktionsstål), Armox (skyddstål) och Toolox (teknik- och verktygsstål).”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Europe är en ledande nordisk producent av premiumprodukter som högkvalitativa tunnplåts-, grovplåts- och rörprodukter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Europe ansvarar för försäljning av produkter inom tunnplåt, grovplåt och rör i Europa, samt den globala affären för höghållfasta stål till kunder inom Automotive.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Americas är den största producenten av grovplåt i Nordamerika och har en stark position genom hög kostnadseffektivitet och kvalitet.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Redan under 2023 introducerade SSAB ett unikt stål, SSAB Zero, baserat på återvunnet stålskrot och fossilfri energi. Genom det flexibla produktionssystemet kan SSAB erbjuda SSAB Zero inom flertalet produktkategorier och på flera marknader i Europa och Nordamerika.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Under 2024 levererade SSAB över 50 000 ton till kunder.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Nya produkter med SSAB Zero Under året annonserade flera av SSABs kunder nya produkter där stålet SSAB Zero, som tillverkas av återvunnet stål och fossilfri energi, används. Exempelvis använder Epiroc SSAB Zero i skopan på sin största batterielektriska lastare, medan Sandvik blev först i gruvbranschen med att lansera ett flak tillverkat av SSAB Zero, vilket minskar CO2-utsläppen med minst 70 % jämfört med traditionellt stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Dotterbolagen i Abraservice Group och Hardox Wearparts nätverk är fristående aktörer som erbjuder slitdelar och reparationstjänster som stärker SSAB Special Steels position på marknaden genom att leverera vidareförädlade produkter som baseras på framförallt Hardox.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB Americas har en balans mellan försäljning via distributörer och slutanvändare.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Effektiviseringar och förbättringar på samtliga anläggningar På anläggningarna i Montpelier och Mobile i USA producerar SSAB stål i elektrostålverk redan idag. Här är återvunnet stål den huvudsakliga råvaran, och i Montpelier har produktionen av SSAB Zero pågått sedan 2023.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Att 3D-printa produkter med stålpulver tillverkat med enbart fossilfria energikällor skapar stora fördelar i många branscher. Stålpulvret kombinerar egenskaperna hos SSABs höghållfasta stål, med de lätta strukturer som är möjliga med 3D-printing.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Marknaden för höghållfasta stål var mer stabil än den för standardprodukter, men påverkades av den svaga efterfrågan i Europa.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Affärsmodellen bygger på SSABs unika kunnande, särskilt inom så kallade specialstål. Centralt i affärsmodellen är att öka andelen premiumprodukter och höghållfasta stål, vilket även omfattar stålsorter med låga koldioxidutsläpp.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSAB levererar kundvärde genom produkter med hög kvalitet och leveranssäkerhet, höghållfasta stål som förbättrar prestandan i maskiner och annan utrustning samt stål med låga koldioxidutsläpp som sänker klimatavtrycket i kundernas produkter och applikationer.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Under 2023 lanserade SSAB det unika stålet SSAB Zero, som har under 0,05 kg koldioxidekvivalenter per kg stål. Produkten säljs till ett högre marknadspris jämfört med konventionellt tillverkat stål, då den tillför värde genom att stödja kundernas arbete att minska koldioxidavtrycket i sina produkter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“SSABs kunder från till exempel gruv- och transportindustrin använder redan SSAB Zero i sina produkter. • SSAB har lanserat världens första stålpulver utan fossila koldioxidutsläpp för kommersiella leveranser.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Pulvret kombinerar egenskaperna hos SSABs höghållfasta stål med de lätta strukturer som är möjliga med 3D-printing. • Pilotleveranser av stål producerat med fossilfri järnsvamp som råvara fortsätter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Den fossilfria järnsvampen är utvecklad med HYBRIT-tekniken som för närvarande produceras i pilotskala i Hybrit Development AB:s anläggning i Luleå.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“We purchase raw materials, fabricated and other components, and energy supplies from a variety of suppliers. Key raw materials include stainless steel, organic and inorganic chemicals, fuel, cobalt-60 and EO, and key components include plastic components, as well as various electronics including control boards and computer chips.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“Huvudsakliga inköp består av råmaterial i form av metaller som stål, aluminium, zink, men även mat, diverse komponenter samt apparater och verktyg.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Storskogens utsläpp kommer till stor del från inköp av material och produkter och deras materialutvinning och tillverkning (59 procent). Inom denna kategori står stål för ungefär 39 procent.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Påverkan, risker och möjligheter Styrning Mål Påverkan i värdekedjan Risker och möjligheter för Svedbergs Group Beroendet av jungfruliga material medför risker relaterade till råvaruprisutvecklingen samt tillgången till specifika råvaror.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Detta sker genom regelbundna diskussioner och uppdateringar av de reduktions- Svedbergs Groups primära åtgärder för att minska klimatpåverkan fokuserar på de material och produkter som koncernen köper in. Detta arbete bygger i hög Slutligen har lastportar bytts ut för att skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö vid utlastning och för att minska värmeförluster.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Avgränsningar och definitioner • Användning av sålda produkter: Nordisk medelmix används för att beräkna klimatpåverkan från användning av sålda produkten i de nordiska länderna. • Inköpta varor: Klimatpåverkan kommer främst från materialen i Svedbergs Groups inköpta produkter, där den största kategorin är metall följt av keramik och plast.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“För att öka andelen återvunnet material undersöks möjligheten till att använda återvunna metaller som mässing, stål och aluminium.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The principal raw materials that we use include plastic resins for molding; precious metals such as gold, silver, and palladium for plating; and other metals such as copper, aluminum, brass, and steel for manufacturing cable, contacts, and other parts that are used for cable and component bodies and inserts.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“We are a large buyer of resins, chemicals, additives, and metals, including copper, gold, silver, palladium, aluminum, brass, steel, and zinc.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“Under 2024 hade Bolaget cirka 17 000 aktiva direktleverantörer, varav cirka 200 är leverantörer av material och komponenter som används i Ericssons hårdvara.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Våra produkter är till stor del tillverkade av aluminium, stål och plast, som alla är återvinningsbara.”

Annual report 2023A · The company itself

“• För koncernen är det särskilt förändringar i plast-, aluminium- och stålpriserna som utgör en betydande råvaruprisrisk. • Råvaruprisrisken hanteras dels genom leverantörskontrakt och dels genom säkringar med finansiella råvarukontrakt med löptider på upp till ett år.”

Annual report 2023A · The company itself

“We rely on suppliers to secure commodities, particularly steel and non-ferrous metals, and third-party parts and components, including electronic components, required for the manufacture of our products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Additionally, we utilize a limited number of steel producers that meet our rail specifications. Rail is critical to our operations for rail replacement programs, maintenance, and for adding additional network capacity, new rail and storage yards, and expansions of existing facilities. This industry similarly has high barriers to entry, and if there is any significant consolidations or mergers in this industry, or one of these suppliers discontinues operations for any reason, including bankruptcy or insolvency, we could experience both significant cost increases for rail purchases and difficulty obtaining sufficient rail for maintenance and other projects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Prishöjningar eller bristsituationer på råvaror kan få negativ inverkan på koncernens resultat. Prisavtalen med koncernens råvaruleverantörer sträcker sig normalt över sex månader.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Koncernen är för sin produktion beroende av ett antal råvaror och insatsvaror. De viktigaste av dessa är stål, gjutgods, plast och aluminium.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“In addition, higher prices could reduce demand for these products, resulting in lower sales volumes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Some of Grainger’s products contain significant amounts of commodity-priced materials, such as steel, copper, petroleum derivatives, rare earth minerals, or other materials or inputs required to manufacture certain products and are subject to price changes based on fluctuations in the commodities market.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We purchase energy, steel, aluminum, copper, rubber and rubber-based materials, chemicals, polymers and other key manufacturing inputs from outside sources, and traditionally have not had long-term pricing contracts with our pure raw material suppliers. The costs of these raw materials have been volatile historically and are influenced by factors that are outside our control, including inflationary pressure.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Vad gäller insatsvaror är metall en dominerande råvara tillsammans med plast, ofta framställd av oljebaserade produkter. Råvarupriserna är beroende av världsmarknads priser och valutautveckling men också av produktionskapacitet.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Pris variationer för råvaror har dock en begränsad effekt på koncernens resultat, då många kundavtal innehåller råvaruklausuler.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Minerals and metals, such as steel and copper, and critical raw materials”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“· Natural resources, such as wind and sun. · Minerals and metals, such as steel and copper, and critical raw materials.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“To mitigate cost inflation risks, we carry out hedging for steel and other commodities on an asset project basis.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Supply chain collaboration for lower-emissions solutions Continued to work with key suppliers to advance and secure access to loweremissions materials (e.g. lower-emissions steel via our partnership with Dillinger).”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Geopolitical tensions could affect project economics and timelines through increased component costs, supply chain disruptions, or reduced access to international production capacity.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“First transition wave: Shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy generation In 2025, we reached a defining milestone in our journey towards net zero by meeting our science-based scope 1-2 GHG emissions intensity target of 10 g CO e/kWh – a 93 % reduction from a 2018 baseline (98 % from a 2006 level).”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Each asset in our portfolio requires virgin materials such as steel, copper, rare earth elements, and composite materials, contributing to resource depletion and increasing material scarcity across sectors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our dependence on critical raw materials required for the energy transition exposes us to potential supply availability and price volatility risks. This exposure is shaped by growing demand for renewable-energy technologies and arises from highly centralised and vulnerable supply chains for the extraction, refinement, and processing of critical minerals, intensifying cross-sector demand for transition-critical materials, and commodity price and geopolitical volatility in regions with often elevated sustainability risk profiles.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We have a partnership with Dillinger, Europe’s largest manufacturer of heavy steel plates. Through this partner ship, we have access to Dillinger’s first batches of lower-emissions steel, subject to availability and commercial terms. Steel plates are a critical component of offshore wind monopile foundations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“To create a world that runs entirely on green energy. · Supply chain collaboration and partnerships: Beyond supplier engagement, we pursue long-term collaborations with strategic suppliers to develop and scale lower-emissions solutions across products and services. This includes advancing green technologies and pathways to decarbonise key components and manufacturing processes, and supporting the availability of lower-emissions materials and offerings for Ørsted and the wider offshore wind industry. · Tracking and measuring: Our internally developed and maintained life cycle analysis (LCA) approach gives us a reliable view of the emissions profile of our projects, enabling better-informed commercial and procurement decisions towards our net-zero pathway, and providing the basis for calculating and reporting the emissions associated with our buildout.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“By working with suppliers on Action: Electric vehicle fleet lower-emissions alternatives and emerging solutions such as circular practices, we can reduce emissions while contributing to broader sustainability goals. In 2025, we strengthened the governance of our company-wide decarbonisation road map to support our target to reach net zero by 2040.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our focus remains on high-impact suppliers, representing more than half of our total procurement spend and the most carbon-intensive parts of our supply chain. We set clear expectations for adopting science-based targets (through the SBTi), providing transparent climate reporting (through the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)), and transitioning to renewable electricity. Climate requirements are now included in standard contracts and tenders for selected high-impact categories.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In 2025, we continued our collaboration with industry peers and the Carbon Trust through the Offshore Wind Sustainability Joint Industry Programme (SUSJIP). The work focuses on developing a standardised carbon footprint measurement methodology for offshore wind assets. The methodology was further refined in 2025 and is expected to be launched in 2026.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Natural resources Our business relies on natural resources such as steel for our assets”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“• Purpose-driven people and our culture Our talented, diverse team of 100,000+ employees across more than 165 nationalities. • Our brand For over a century, we have built partnerships with cus tomers, enabling them to prosper by facilitating global trade. • Natural resources Our business relies on natural resources such as steel for our assets and fossil fuels and biomass for conventional and e- and bio-methanol fuels. • Stakeholder relationships and partnerships We rely on constructive relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and authorities as well as other key stakeholders. • Assets and end-to-end delivery network Our assets, supplier relationships and logistics expertise ensure resilient supply chains. • Financial capital We have a strong balance sheet and are committed to remaining investment grade-rated.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Expandera erbjudandet inom dekarbonisering, energi och biobaserade material Ambitionen är att stärka vår ledande position internationellt inom ren energi, papper & massa och andra biobaserade industrier, samt inom cirkulära lösningar. Vår målsättning är att uppnå en stark ställning inom gröna capex-projekt så som grönt stål, vätgas och batterier.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Ett exempel är att vi blev utvalda som huvudpartner för SSAB:s fossilfria stålverk i Luleå där vi kommer att utföra komplett projektering av stål- och valsverken.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Components, metals and other materials”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Raw Materials and Significant Supply Sources The major raw materials we use in our Ketjen operations include sodium silicate, sodium aluminate, kaolin, aluminum, ethylene, alpha-olefins, isobutylene, toluene and metals, such as lanthanum, molybdenum, nickel and cobalt, most of which are readily available from numerous independent suppliers and are purchased or provided under contracts at prices we believe are competitive.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The price of commodities and skilled labor for our construction projects may increase unpredictably due to external factors, including, but not limited to, performance of third-party suppliers and contractors; overall market supply and demand; inflationary pricing; government regulation; international trade; and changes in general business, economic, or political conditions. As a result, the costs of raw construction materials and skilled labor required for the completion of our development and redevelopment projects may fluctuate significantly from time to time.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“För sin tillverkning köper koncernen både specialanpassade och standardiserade material, komponenter och tjänster från såväl regionala som globala leverantörer. Vissa nyckelkomponenter tillverkas även inom koncernen. När det är möjligt använder koncernen flera olika leverantörer och försöker alltid undvika att bli beroende av en enda leverantör.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“We purchase a wide range of raw materials, including steel, zinc, brass and other non-ferrous metals, as well as other parts and components, such as electronic components, to support our production facilities.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We procure certain products, including raw materials and other commodities, including steel, zinc, brass and other non-ferrous metals, as well as parts, components (including electronic components) and logistical services from supplier partners located throughout the world.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“•Within the U.S., General Insurance investments are generally split between reserve backing and surplus portfolios. –Insurance reserves are backed mainly by investment grade fixed maturity securities that meet our duration, risk-return, capital, tax, liquidity, credit quality and diversification objectives. We assess asset classes based on their fundamental underlying risk factors, including credit (public and private), commercial real estate and residential real estate, regardless of whether such investments are bonds, loans, or structured products. –Surplus investments seek to enhance portfolio returns and are generally comprised of a mix of fixed maturity investment grade and below investment grade securities and various alternative asset classes, including private equity and private credit. •Outside of the U.S., fixed maturity securities held by our insurance companies consist primarily of investment-grade securities generally denominated in the currencies of the countries in which we operate.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The Company estimates an investment of approximately $1.5 billion of capital expenditures between 2026 and 2030 related to complying with the LCRI.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The Company purchases a wide variety of raw materials for the manufacture of its products, including (i) precious metals such as gold, silver and palladium, (ii) aluminum, steel, copper, titanium and metal alloy products, (iii) copper wire and optical fiber and (iv) plastic materials.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The following tables set forth our insurance segment’s net premiums written by major line of business: Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Amount % Amount % North America Property and short-tail specialty $ 1,329 17.0 $ 1,220 17.7 Other liability - occurrence 1,302 16.7 1,002 14.6 Other liability - claims made 793 10.2 858 12.5 Commercial multi-peril 781 10.0 461 6.7 Commercial automobile 602 7.7 485 7.1 Workers compensation 576 7.4 555 8.1 Other 341 4.4 288 4.2 Total North America 5,724 73.4 4,869 70.8 International Property and short-tail specialty $ 1,102 14.1 $ 1,082 15.7 Casualty and other 972 12.5 923 13.4 Total International 2,074 26.6 2,005 29.2 Total $ 7,798 100.0 $ 6,874 100.0 Net premiums written by the insurance segment were 13.4% higher in 2025 than in 2024.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“I värdekedjan uppströms är påverkan främst kopplad till leverantörer, särskilt för koldioxidintensiva material såsom plast, metall och elektronik.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“In March 2025, a multiyear extension to an agreement with the global steel manufacturer SSAB was announced covering inbound raw material sea transportation within the Baltic Sea and from the North Sea. The transportation volume is estimated to be 6–7 million tons annually.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Aspo does not depend on any individual significant customers, however, in the ESL Shipping segment the purchases of one customer in the steel industry account for slightly more than ten percent of the consolidated net sales.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The Plumbing & Refrigeration group manufactures copper tubing and copper, brass, aluminum and stainless-steel fittings and components for the plumbing, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC-R) market; custom heat exchange, ducting, air handling units and energy recovery solutions for the HVAC-R market; HVAC systems and structures for data centers, pharmaceutical and industrial sites; and aluminum and brass forgings for many commercial and industrial applications. Key raw materials, including aluminum, copper and stainless steel are widely available.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“CTB manufactures its products primarily from galvanized steel, steel wire, stainless steel and polymer materials. The availability of these materials in recent years has been adequate.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“Access to key housing inputs, including lumber, oriented strand board, steel and resin products, was adequate in 2025.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“A significant raw material used by MiTek is hot dipped galvanized sheet steel.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“The availability of raw materials, which are primarily steel, zinc, manganese and nickel-based chemistries, is currently sufficient.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“Att utveckla och bygga bostäder är en resursintensiv verksamhet som tar mycket material och mark i anspråk.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Bristen på byggmaterial och tjänster orsakar förseningar i bolagets bostadsprojekt och leder till ökade kostnader.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Partnerships for recycled materials Borgestad targets the establishment of multiple smallscale production facilities for recycled products, strategically located at or near customer facilities to minimise transportation costs and environmental impact. This setup has been requested by several players, particularly in the steel industry, and will be designed to handle specific volumes of recycled materials with a limited range of products, supported by the main production site. Such facilities allow for a relatively low investment while ensuring adequate returns, while opening the door for installation business.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Key operations include the Agora Bytom shopping centre in Poland, serving a broad consumer base, and Höganäs Borgestad, offering refractory products and services critical for high-temperature industrial processes across the Nordic countries.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Circular economy practices such as using recycled input materials in refractory prod -ucts reduce emission costs and meet in-creasing demand for lower carbon products. operations Long Borgestad can capitalise on demand for low-carbon products by taking back refractory products from customers and use them again Upstream, own operations and downstream Long Borgestad has identified material negative impacts related to resource inflows through the extraction of non-renewable raw materials in its upstream value chain and related to downstream handling of waste generated from Borgestad’s production processes.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Additionally, the prices of various commodities that are used in the construction of ships and for repair, maintenance and refurbishment of existing ships, such as steel, are subject to volatility which may increase our costs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our equipment is used to extract and haul copper, iron ore, coal, oil sands, aggregates, gold and other minerals and ores, as well as a variety of heavy construction applications.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Examples of materials necessary for our business that we and our industry have experienced difficulties in procuring include transformers, wires, cables, meters, poles, electronic components, steel, aluminum and solar panels.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Rights of Indigenous Peoples The supply chains for metals and minerals are long and opaque. There is a potential for negative impacts on the rights of indigenous peoples in these supply chains.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Världens behov av metaller i allmänhet och stål i synnerhet växer i takt med en ökad befolkning, urbanisering, ökat välstånd och lev - nadsstandard. Stålet finns överallt i samhället och har en i stort sett obegränsad rad användningsområden.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Proaktiv förvaltning med hyresgästfokus Corems fastighetsbestånd består av kommersiella fastigheter i storstadsområden och tillväxt orter, med växande näringsliv och ökande befolkningsmängd.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“CRH is a significant purchaser of certain materials and resources important to its business, including cementitious materials, bitumen, steel, and energy supplies, all of which it acquires at market rates.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In addition, in certain markets in which the Company operates, including markets for steel, cement, bitumen and SCMs, contracted market demand can far outstrip supply, which may restrict the Company’s ability to obtain alternative suppliers or additional volumes where necessary.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The capital intensive and unique nature of core rail equipment (including rail, ties, freight cars and locomotives) limits the number of railroad equipment suppliers. If any of the current manufacturers stops production or experiences a supply shortage, CSXT could experience a significant cost increase or material shortage.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Commodity Price Risk We are exposed to fluctuations in commodity prices due to contractual agreements with component suppliers. In order to protect ourselves against future price volatility and, consequently, fluctuations in gross margins, we periodically enter into commodity swap and forward contracts with designated banks and other counterparties to fix the cost of certain raw material purchases with the objective of minimizing changes in inventory cost due to market price fluctuations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In addition, newly imposed or increased tariffs, duties and/or trade restrictions, such as those imposed by the current administration, on imported materials and goods that are used in connection with the construction and delivery of our homes, including steel, aluminum and lumber, may raise our costs for these items or for the products made with them. These factors may cause construction delays or cause us to incur more costs building our homes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We believe that our national, regional and local scale provides us with benefits that may not be available to the same degree to some other smaller homebuilders, such as: •Greater access to and lower cost of capital due to our balance sheet strength and our lending and capital markets relationships; •Volume discounts and rebates from national, regional and local materials suppliers and lower labor rates from certain subcontractors; and •Enhanced leverage of our general and administrative activities, which allows us flexibility to adjust to changes in market conditions and compete effectively across our markets.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“the anticipated start of Simandou iron ore exports from Guinea”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“• Ökade investeringskostnader inom innovation och produktion till följd av strängare lagstiftning för tillverk - ningsprocesser och -material, energikällor och produkters miljöprestanda. • Högre kostnader för sålda varor på grund av prishöj - ningar på råvaror, energi och distribution, samt högre koldioxidskatter. • Ökade kostnader för anläggningar på grund av f örändrade väderförhållanden. • Förändrade konsumtionsmönster.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Information Concerning Eaton's Business in General Raw Materials Eaton's major requirements for raw materials include iron, steel, copper, nickel, aluminum, lead, silver, gold, titanium, rubber, plastic, electronic components, chemicals, and fluids. Materials are purchased in various forms, such as coils, sheets, strips, ingots, bars, extrusions, castings, forgings, stampings, powder metal, plastic resins, and pellets.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Economic downturns, and in particular downturns in our larger markets, including the foodservice, hospitality, travel, health care, food processing, refining, pulp and paper, mining and steel industries, can adversely impact our customers, and we may find it difficult to restore margins by maintaining pricing due to easing inflation from slowing economic growth.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The objective is to maintain Elkem as a competitive producer through strong operational performance, economies of scale, and an integrated value chain from raw materials to advanced end products.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Silicon Products A leading producer of siliconbased materials, including silicon, ferrosilicon, specialty alloys based on ferrosilicon and Microsilica.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Carbon Solutions A leading producer of speciality carbon products for various metallurgical smelting processes and primary aluminium industries.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Ferrosilicon is used in steel industry, with Elkem’s specialty grades primarily employed in the production of electrical steel for motors and power network components, supporting the electrification.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The technology and carbon products are used by producers of silicon, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, ferronickel, ferromanganese, silicomanganese, calcium carbide and copper and platinum matte.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Business model and value chain Elkem's business model and value chain focus on producing advanced silicon-based materials, and are cantered on the production and supply of advanced silicon-based materials, leveraging an integrated value chain to ensure quality and sustainability. The company operates across the entire value chain, from raw material extraction to the production of specialised products. Here are the key components: 1. Raw material sourcing : Elkem sources high-quality raw materials such as quartz, coal, and wood, which are essential for producing silicon and its derivatives.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Carbon products are used in electric arc furnaces and by the aluminium and iron foundries industries.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vår upphandling av material och förnödenheter omfattar en rad nätverksmaterial och komponenter. Omfattningen av ansvaret för materialupphandling som vi tar på oss varierar mellan olika projekt, beroende på specifika kund- och projektkrav.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“We are exposed to market risk of increases in certain commodity prices of materials, such as copper and steel, which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in our operations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Pressures on the market as a whole, or our specific financial position – whether due to depressed commodity prices, increased prices of raw materials such as iron, sand and water, our hedge positions, leverage, credit ratings, tax law changes or otherwise – could make it difficult for us to obtain the funding necessary to conduct our operations. •Risks Associated with Our Human Capital, Technology and Other Resources and Service Providers.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“Advanced planning, a prerequisite to pursuing combo-development, facilitates the delivery of bulk hydraulic fracturing sand and piped fresh and recycled water and provides the ability to continuously meet completions supply needs and the use of environmentally friendly technologies such as electric hydraulic fracturing powered by natural gas.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“Our ability to drill and develop these locations depends on a number of uncertainties, including natural gas, NGLs and oil prices; the availability and cost of capital; drilling and production costs; the availability of drilling services and equipment; drilling results; lease expirations; topography; gathering system and pipeline transportation costs and constraints; access to and availability of sand and water and corresponding materials sourcing and distribution systems, including railroads; coordination with coal mining; regulatory approvals; and other factors.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“Total mengde teknisk materiale - stål Tonn 308.306 Ombrukte eller materialgjenvunne materialer - stål Tonn Ombrukte eller materialgjenvunne materialer - stål % E5-3 Mål knyttet til ressursbruk og sirkulær økonomi Equinor har enda ikke satt formelle mål på konsernnivå som gjelder inngående og utgående ressurser, inkludert avfall, produkter og materialer.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Our suppliers can experience significant fluctuation over time in the cost of raw materials (e.g., steel, plastic, etc.) used to produce their products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“This includes threaded fasteners, bolts, nuts, screws, studs, and related washers, as well as miscellaneous supplies and hardware, such as pins, machinery keys, concrete anchors, metal framing systems, wire rope, strut, rivets, and related accessories. Our fastener product line, which is primarily sold under the Fastenal product name, represented 30.5% of our consolidated sales in 2025.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Commodity steel prices – We buy and sell various types of steel products; these products consist primarily of different types of fasteners and related hardware.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“De huvudsakliga resursinflödena uppkommer i samband med nyproduktion och innehåller diverse byggmaterial, däribland betong, cement, trä och stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Effective June 4, 2025, the U.S. President increased tariffs on imported aluminum and steel articles under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (“Section 232”) from 25% to 50%.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Certain of our key raw material purchase contracts include variable pricing terms, which are driven by underlying indices for certain commodities, including aluminum, steel, and natural gas, among others. Fluctuations in such underlying commodity indices may increase our raw material costs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Given the significant emissions associated with steel production, we are working to increase our share of procured scrap steel”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Throughout 2025, the market for pumps, cyclones, and valves demonstrated resilience, supported by stable to modestly increasing production volumes and sustained high metal prices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Materials Our manufacturing operations employ a wide variety of raw materials, including electronic components, steel, plastics and other petroleum-based products, aluminum, and copper.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Prices of consumables used in our operations (such as natural gas, diesel, coal, other sources of energy, ammonium nitrate, chemical reagents, including sulfuric acid, and steel-related products), certain components, equipment, parts and other operating supplies and services can fluctuate in price, impacting the costs of production at our operations and the costs of development projects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our financial results are significantly influenced by and vary with fluctuations in the market prices of the commodities we produce, primarily copper and gold, and to a lesser extent molybdenum.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Molybdenum Molybdenum is a key alloying element in steel and the raw material for several chemical-grade products used in catalysts, lubrication, smoke suppression, corrosion inhibition and pigmentation. Molybdenum-based chemicals are used to produce high-purity molybdenum metal used in electronics such as flat-panel displays and in super alloys used in aerospace.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Molybdenum Products and Sales According to Wood Mackenzie, we are the world’s largest producer of molybdenum and molybdenum-based chemicals.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Specifically, to minimize inflationary impacts, we have a sourcing process to monitor commodity price fluctuations across the ferrous, non-ferrous, precious metals, and energy commodities.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our operations require the use of various commodities. Fluctuations in the prices and availability of these commodities can impact our cost of equipment sold and thus our profitability.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We depend on our suppliers to sell us quality products at favorable prices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Beroende på produkt köper vi in antingen råmaterial (i huvudsak metaller och mineraler), processat material (så som plaster och elektronik) eller delar av produkter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Følgende materialer inngår i klimaregnskap for skade: • Glass • Stål • Aluminium • Plast • Batterier • Gjenbruk av bildeler ut fra estimat • Bruk av nye bildeler genererer tilsvarende mengde avfall som kan resirkuleres • For avfall etter kondemnasjoner er det lagt til grunn resirkulering av materialer som glass, aluminium og stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Kondemnerte biler selges til profesjonelle aktører som demonterer og videreselger deler og materialer som stål og aluminium, som så brukes som innsatsfaktorer til nye produkter.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The costs of certain raw materials (including, but not limited to, nickel, titanium, aluminum, cobalt, and superalloy materials) necessary for the manufacture of Howmet’s products and other manufacturing and operating costs are influenced by market forces, including inflation, supply and demand, and shortages.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our houses are built from materials such as timber, aerated concrete, concrete, brick, steel and glass”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The guidance assumes no severe disruption of supply chains or raw material prices significantly exceeding current levels.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Resource use in newbuilding process Newbuilding projects require substantial sourcing of raw materials, particularly for producing the steel used in vessel construction. This process involves the extraction and processing of iron ore, among other materials, which negatively impacts the environment through waste generation, and resource depletion.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Exchanges Segment We operate regulated marketplaces for the listing, trading and clearing of a broad array of derivatives contracts and financial securities, such as commodities, interest rates, foreign exchange and equities as well as corporate and exchange-traded funds, or ETFs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We continue to experience rising construction costs which reflect the increase in cost of labor and raw materials, as well as supply chain and logistical challenges.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Additionally, our ALM business may be affected by the prices of scrap metals. Significant declines in the cost of paper or scrap metals may negatively impact our revenues and results of operations, and increases in other commodity prices, including steel, may negatively impact our results of operations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Många av koncernens kundavtal innehåller även klausuler som skyddar mot större förändringar i pris på råvaror. Väsentliga och långvariga prisökningar eller leveransstörningar av relevanta råvaror kan medföra att ITAB över tid behöver anpassa sitt arbetssätt och val av råvaror för att fortsätta ha ett attraktivt kunderbjudande.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Råvarupriser ITAB är beroende av råvaror såsom råmaterial och energi i sin produktion. Prisvariationer och leveransstörningar för dessa råvaror kan på kortare och längre sikt påverka produktionskostnader.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Opstrøms, nedstrøms og alle egne aktiviteter E1: Modvirkning af klimaændringer Der udledes drivhusgasser ved udvinding, produktion og distribution af byggematerialer som anvendes til dri, vedligehold og renovering af Jeudans ejendomme.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Exempelvis att vid varje tillfälle ha tillgång till cement, armeringsjärn eller andra insatsvaror för optimalt kapacitetsutnyttjande av K-Fastigheters produktion och förvaltning.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Metals (steel, Al, Cu) 90.6% 81.1% Plastics 4.1% 18.5% Printed circuit boards 3.1% 0.3% Other (electronic components) 2.2% 0.2% Weight (tonnes) Material category 2025 2024 Products (including packaging) 3,779.0 3,136.8 Technical materials (manufactured goods and parts) Biological materials (materials not purchased) Total 3,779.0 3,136.8 The products category includes all resource inflows used in the assembly of Kempower’s products such as components, individual parts (e.g., screws and plugs), and packaging.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our manufacturing operations employ a wide variety of semiconductors, electromechanical components and assemblies, and raw materials, such as plastic resins and sheet metal. We purchase materials from various suppliers globally.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In addition, international trade disputes, including those related to tariffs, have resulted and in the future could result in inflationary pressures that directly impact our costs, such as costs for steel, lumber and other materials applicable to our redevelopment projects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“These kinds of investments have historically consisted of corporate debt, structured products, transportation assets, infrastructure assets, and commercial and residential real estate loans and securities, amongst other asset classes.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Teräksen hinnat olivat neljännen vuosineljänneksen lopussa edellisvuotta alhaisemmalla tasolla, kun taas kuparin hinnat olivat korkeammalla tasolla.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Due to its capital structure and the nature of its operations, the group is exposed to the following nancial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange rate risk, raw material price risk, and interest rate risk), credit risk as well as liquidity and capital management risk.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Sudden changes in market con- -            countermeasures, ranging from commercial negotiations                      -  supply chains will continue into 2025, posing new chal-  PRODUCTION-RELATED RISKS Bottlenecks and delays can occur in manufacturing pro-        can relate to materials, utilities, manpower, or equip-           of a comprehensive and risk-avoiding production mate-              - ously reviewing its production footprint and supply chain set up to reduce lead time.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“In addition to competition for homebuyers, we also compete with other homebuilders for desirable properties, raw materials and access to reliable, skilled labor. We compete with a wide variety of property owners in our efforts to sell land to homebuilders and others.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“De komponenter och produkter som Lifco köper in består av legeringar eller metaller som stål och aluminium samt plastprodukter som tillverkats av råolja. Råvarorna har bearbetats i smältverk och crackinganläggningar.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Similarly, China restricted exports to Japan, which affected our substrate supply chain globally.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“Zinkgruvan (100% owned): Record zinc production of 82,133 tonnes and lead production of 30,888 tonnes during the year were driven by higher throughput, grades and recoveries.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“With 33% of Specialties’ 2025 revenues related to products used in the steel industry, a portion of the segment’s revenues and profits is affected by production and inventory trends within the steel industry, which are guided by the rate of consumer consumption, the flow of offshore imports and other economic factors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In 2025, Specialties reported revenues of $441 million and gross profit of $137 million, increases of 38% and 29%, respectively, compared with 2024. The profitability increase in 2025 reflects pricing gains in both the lime and magnesia heritage product lines and contributions from acquired operations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The Specialties business is sensitive to changes in domestic steel capacity utilization as well as the absolute price and fluctuation in the cost of natural gas.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Dolomitic lime products sold to external customers are used primarily by the steel industry. Accordingly, a portion of the revenues and profitability of the Specialties business is affected by the steel industry's production and inventory trends, which are influenced by factors such as rates of consumer consumption, the flow of offshore imports and broader economic conditions.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our Specialties business depends in part on the steel industry and the supply of reasonably priced fuels. Our Specialties business sells some of its products to companies in the steel industry. Accordingly, this business is dependent, in part, on the strength of the cyclical steel industry.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The following ten states accounted for 76% of the Building Materials business 2025 revenues from continuing operations: Specialties The Company operates a Specialties business (formerly known as the Magnesia Specialties business) which produces high‑purity natural and synthetic magnesia‑based products, including magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide, used in environmental, industrial, agricultural, construction, consumer and specialty applications.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Specialties Business The Specialties business produces and sells dolomitic lime from its Woodville, Ohio facility and manufactures high-purity natural and synthetic magnesia-based products for environmental, industrial, agricultural, construction, consumer and specialty applications at its Manistee, Michigan; Woodville, Ohio; Gabbs, Nevada; Waynesville, North Carolina; Greendale, Indiana; and Aspers, Pennsylvania facilities. These magnesia-based products have varying uses, including flame retardants, wastewater treatment, pulp and paper production and other specialty applications.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The sustainable development of metals-refining and smelting focuses especially on solutions for batteries, low-carbon steel production, circular economy, and copper processing technologies.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“For metals refining customers, Metso offers a comprehensive portfolio of modern smelting solutions for the treatment of primary and secondary raw materials. For example, the Metso Plus flash smelting process is currently the most widely used copper smelting method globally, delivering high metal recovery at the lowest total cost of ownership as well as providing the most effective emissions control.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Under 2024 har vi implementerat ett flertal förbättringar som minskat klimatpåverkan men också haft en positiv påverkan på framtida lönsamhet: - Förbättrat designen av silvertrycket ovanpå tunnfilmerna, vilket minskat silveranvändningen med cirka 40 procent med bibehållen prestanda. - Certifierat och implementerat en ny leverantör av stål för substraten.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Nettoomsättning per land, 2024  Sverige, 82% Danmark, 9% Finland, 4% Norge, 3% Övriga länder, 2% Nettoomsättning per kundsegment, 2024 󰐆 Metall och gruva, 14% Papper och massa, såg, 13% El- och värmeproduktion, 13% Övrig tillverkning, 9% Fordon, 9% Vatten och avlopp, 4% Läkemedel och medicin teknik, 4% Livsmedel, 3% Andra industrisegment, 23% Övriga sektorer, 8% Nettoomsättning per produktområde, 2024 󰍭 Lager, 15% Ventiler, 14% Tekniska tätningar och industrigummi, 10% Hydraulik och pneumatik, 8% Pumpar, elmotorer och växlar, 8% Transmission, 7% Mätteknik, 5% Filter, rengöring och rörsystem, 4% Maskiner och system, 3% Smörjning och kemikalier, 3% Andra komponenter, 9% Reparationer och renovering, 11% Relaterade tjänster, t ex utbildning, installation och kalibrering, 3% Värdeskapande återförsäljare ~75% Service, reparation och underhåll ~15% Lokal tillverkning, montering, egna varumärken ~10% Eftermarknad ~90% OEM ~10% Kundfördelning 1) Momentum Groups erbjudande 1) Tillverkare Värdeskapande återförsäljare Våra kunder Affärsöversikt”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Similarly, steel demand will persist as it is fundamental to maintaining fleet performance and safety.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Genomfört under 2024 •Uppgradering av koncerngemensamma affärssystemet för bättre säkerhet och fler funktioner Fördelning råmaterial Stål 30% 22% 7% Koppar •Automatisering & digitalisering inom MPS •Förbättrad service genom automatiserade verktyg och implementering av den digitala plattformen Munters Academy Papper Aluminium 6% •Ansvarsfulla inköp och stark leveranskedja med målet att minska antalet leverantörer Ansvarsfulla inköp och stark leverantörskedja Polystyrene & Polypropylen 3% •Effektivare flöde genom integrerad process mellan försäljning och produktionsplanering Övrigt 32% Ansvarsfulla inköp kräver en stark leverantörskedja.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Munters produkter tillverkas med naturresurser såsom aluminium, koppar, stål och papper. Plast och glasfiber används också i vissa komponenter som företaget köper in eller tillverkar. För förpackningar används trä, kompletterat med kartong och plastfilm.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“De mest förekommande råmaterialen i Munters produkter, sett till vikt, är kolstål, aluminium och koppar. Dessa metaller är, om de demonteras och separeras, i stor utsträckning återvinningsbara.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“A significant portion of Nel’s greenhouse gas inventory stems from purchased goods, such as metals, steel, nickel, platinum and iridium.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“But some industries, such as refineries, steel and ammonia producers, shipping companies etc. face a more challenging path toward zero emissions. These sectors cannot easily electrify their operations. Instead, they need renewable hydrogen or hydrogen derivatives to reduce and ultimately eliminate their dependence on fossil energy.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Hybrid Cloud Hybrid Cloud provides a unified data storage portfolio of storage management and infrastructure solutions that helps customers modernize their data centers. By leveraging on-premises, private cloud and public cloud capabilities, we enable customers to modernize applications with a single solution that supports file, block, and object storage. We deliver a versatile data infrastructure solution suitable for all environments and workloads, including the strategic enterprise AI market.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“För kraftprojekt handlar det om produkter som kraftledningar, kablar, transformatorer och annan utrustning.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“We are monitoring risks related to increasing delivery lead times for certain construction and other materials, increasing risk associated with the unavailability of materials due to global shortages in raw materials and issues with transportation logistics, and risk of decreased construction labor productivity in the event of disruptions in the availability of materials critical to our gas and electric operations. Our efforts to enhance our resiliency to supply chain shortages may not be effective. We continue to see increasing prices and limited availability associated with certain materials, equipment and products, which may impact our ability to complete major capital projects at the cost and timing that was planned and approved.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In particular, sales to large industrial customers, such as those in the steel, oil refining, industrial gas and related industries, are impacted by economic downturns and recession; geographic or technological shifts in production or production methods; and other changes in consumer demand, including due to a preference for environmentally friendly products and practices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“NIPSCO Electric results remains closely linked to the performance of the steel industry. MWh sales to steel-related industries accounted for approximately 49.3% and 49.4% of the total industrial MWh sales for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“high risk materials (copper, aluminium, steel, lead, XLPE, PVC)”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The scope of the DMA is defined by segmenting upstream suppliers by economic relevance and potential impact to identify high risk materials (copper, aluminium, steel, lead, XLPE, PVC) and to map key supply chains.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Principal materials include sheet metal, fabricated metal parts, bar stock, castings, forgings, tubing, plastic parts and pellets. We also purchase many electrical and electronic components, high-pressure fluid hoses, packings, seals, and other items integral to our products.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Additionally, we compete with other industries for available capacity and raw materials used in K17 the production of locomotives and certain track and rolling stock materials. Changes in the competitive landscapes of these limited supplier markets could also result in significantly increased prices or material shortages.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our stores carry an extensive product line, including: ● New and remanufactured automotive hard parts and maintenance items, such as alternators, batteries, brake system components, belts, chassis parts, driveline parts, engine parts, fuel pumps, hoses, starters, temperature control, water pumps, antifreeze, appearance products, engine additives, filters, fluids, lighting, oil, and wiper blades. ● Accessories, such as floor mats, seat covers, and truck accessories.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Products and Purchasing ​ Our stores offer DIY and professional service provider customers a wide selection of products for domestic and imported automobiles, vans, and trucks. Our merchandise generally consists of nationally recognized, well-advertised, premium name brand products, such as AC Delco, Armor All, Bosch, Castrol, Denso, Dorman, Fel-Pro, Gates Rubber, Lucas Oil, Mobil1, Monroe, NGK, Pennzoil, Prestone, Standard, STP, Turtle Wax, Valvoline, and Wix, and a wide selection of quality proprietary private label products, which span the entire good, better, and best value spectrum, under our BesTest®, BrakeBest®, Cartek®, Import Direct®, MasterPro®, MicroGard®, Murray®, Omnispark®, O’Reilly Auto Parts®, Precision®, Power-Torque®, Super-Start®, Syntec®, and Ultima® brands.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Reductions in the available supply or increases in the cost of equipment and parts may adversely impact our profitability and cash flows. We have previously experienced difficulties in purchasing equipment and parts for repair due to decreased supply and increased costs, and may experience such difficulties in the future.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Investment in new equipment is a significant part of our annual capital expenditures and we require an available supply of tractors, trailers, and other freight handling equipment from manufacturers to operate and grow our business. We may also be subject to shortages in raw materials that are required for the production of critical operating equipment and supplies, such as shortages in rubber or steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Tractor and trailer manufacturers have previously experienced shortages of various component parts and supplies, forcing many manufacturers to reduce or suspend their production, which led to a lower supply of tractors, trailers, and other equipment, higher prices, and lengthened trade cycles. In addition, the availability and price of our equipment may also be adversely affected in the future by regulations on newly manufactured equipment and engines.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Resources Raw Materials Our manufacturing processes use many raw materials, including silicon wafers, SiC wafers, laminate substrates, gold, copper, lead frames, mold compound, ceramic packages and various chemicals and gases.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Identified transition events in Outokumpu’s climate-related scenarios include: • evolving climate change policies, increasing regulation and reporting requirements; • increased price of CO2 emissions and the related rising electricity price; • increased cost of raw materials and uncertainty about availability of energy and lowemission raw materials at affordable prices; • viability and effectiveness of decarbonization technologies in the coming years; • risk of losing customers and market share; on the other hand, customers switching to low-emission steel could have a positive impact.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In the new growth-focused strategy decarbonization is a key lever when Outokumpu aims to evolve from a trusted stainless steel producer into a pioneering force in low-emission metals and technologies.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Outokumpu is also a member of the ResponsibleSteel initiative and committed to supporting its vision and mission. Outokumpu also has ResponsibleSteel certification for all its manufacturing sites in Europe, and all Outokumpu production sites are ISO 14001- certified.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Most of the impact arises from the nature of Outokumpu’s key activity, stainless steel production, which is energyintensive. Outokumpu has, however, reduced that impact significantly over the years, which now presents a competitive advantage by being able to provide low-carbon footprint stainless steel. Outokumpu identified the following climate transition risks, related to Outokumpu’s business model and strategy: • new regulations and technologies needed for the transition, which could increase production costs, • availability and price of low-emission raw materials and energy, • energy cost constituting a substantial part of the total steel manufacturing costs, and the vulnerability of energy-intensive operations to fluctuations in energy prices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Technology deployment and energy consumption have been taken into account in the decarbonization plan, which is aligned with the 1.5 degree science-based climate target and outlines mitigation actions and related costs and opportunities (E1-ESRS2-SBM-3-19-(b)), (E1-ESRS2-SBM-3-AR-7-(a)) In the short-term, Outokumpu aims to continue to strengthen its core by delivering lowemission stainless steel as a solution for customers to reduce their climate impact.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“This foundational business ensures competitiveness and raw material security while generating the financial strength needed to fund transformation initiatives.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In the medium-term the company further aims to build resilience in its strategy through its science-based climate targets and expansion into lower-emission advanced materials and alloys. In the long term, the EVOLVE strategy targets the transformation of Outokumpu into a pioneering force in materials and technology solutions that power tomorrow by innovating low-CO₂ metals and enriched ferrochrome.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“(E5-5-MDR-M-77-(b)) Products and materials Outokumpu’s main products are semi-finished products of stainless steel and ferrochrome. While the stainless steel semi-finished products (mainly coils and plates) are used by Outokumpu’s customers to manufacture stainless steel products, ferrochrome is used as an ingredient in Outokumpu steel and other producers’ steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Ferrochrome is mainly used as a raw material in stainless steel, which is why it is impossible to estimate its durability. The iron and chrome stay in in the stainless steel product until it is discarded and recycled into new stainless steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The stainless steel features a stable, self-healing oxide layer that protects against rust and corrosion, thereby enhancing durability and eliminating the need for painting or other surface treatments, resulting in low maintenance.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Outokumpu’s main product, stainless steel, had during 2025 an average recycled content of 96,7% (2024: 95%) (calculated according to ISO 14021).”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Community development around own sites based on taxes paid, other funding and support initiatives (incl. sponsorships, school collaboration) Land related impacts Negative impact Potential Environmental degradation (water, air, soil, deforestation) of communities in supply chain Negative impact Potential Environmental degradation (water, air, soil, deforestation) around own sites Rights of indigenous people Negative impact Potential Violation of rights of indigenous people in the supply chain including land, forests and waters (S3-ESRS2-SBM-3-48-(a)) Outokumpu’s impacts on affected communities primarily stem from the nature of its core operations, stainless steel production and mining.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We primarily use steel, brass, copper, aluminum, nickel, rubber and thermoplastic materials and chemicals as the principal raw materials in our products.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“Verkstad Life Science Produkter & enheter Försvar Energi Fordon & transport Stål & Mineral Telekom Verkstadsindustrin förändras genom satsningar på kompetens och investeringar läkemedelsbranschen.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Utveckling av ett komplett MES-system (Manufacturing Execution System) för en global ledare inom stålindustrin.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Vår mjukvara för optimerad uppvärmning i stålverk används redan i majoriteten av Nordens stålverk och har levererats till flera kunder i Europa, inklusive Spanien. Genom att förbättra stålkvaliteten och minska energibehovet bidrar den både till bättre ekonomi och minskade koldioxidutsläpp.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“GSMP III—designed to replace at least 600 miles of cast iron and unprotected steel mains and services in our gas system. GSMP II Extension—designed to replace at least 400 miles of cast iron and unprotected steel mains and services in our gas system.”

Annual report unknown yearA · The company itself

“International trade disputes, including threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by the U.S. and threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by foreign countries in retaliation, could result in inflationary pressures that directly impact our costs, such as costs for steel, lumber and other materials applicable to our development and redevelopment projects.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Fluctuations in raw material prices, particularly metals, plastics and wood-based materials, may have a significant impact on costs and margins.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Delivery of state-of-the-art vessels, and fleet upgrade and maintenance We place a strong focus on innovation, which we seek to achieve by introducing new concepts on our new ships and continuously making improvements to our existing fleet, such as large-scale atriums, double hulls for increased safety, and advanced steel structures. We are expanding our innovation efforts to cover multiple fronts, including naval and architectural design, guest facing features, energy efficiency, sustainability, and safety.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“— BNP-tillväxt och resursintensiv industriutveckling — En växande medelklass — Metall och mineralpriser — Elektrifiering — Produktionsnivåer i befintliga gruvor och expansionsprojekt (orörd samt tidigare exploaterad mark) — Produktivitetsförbättringar och ny teknologi, till exempel automatisering och elektrifiering — Krav inom områdena miljö, hälsa och säkerhet Infrastruktur — BNP-tillväxt/urbanisering — Infrastrukturinvesteringar och utgifter — Statliga stimulansprogram — Produktion av ballastmaterial — Cementförbrukning — Infrastrukturinvesteringar och utgifter Gruvor Huvudsakligen globala konkurrenter som Epiroc, Caterpillar och Komatsu Mining.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“— BNP-tillväxt och resursintensiv industriutveckling — Växande medelklass — Metall- och mineralpriser — Försämrad malmkvalitet (mindre mineral perton) — Produktionsnivåer i befintliga gruvor och expansionsprojekt (orörd samt tidigare exploaterad mark) — Produktivitetsförbättringar och ny teknologi, till exempel digitala lösningar och elektrifiering — Efterfrågan inom miljö, hälsa och säkerhet, till exempel miljöeffektiv finkrossning samt minskad energi- och vattenanvändning Ballastmaterial — BNP-tillväxt/urbanisering — Infrastrukturinvesteringar och utgifter — Trender inom EHS och hållbarhet för teknik i premiumsegmentet — Produktion av ballastmaterial och cement — Tillväxt på nya marknader Rivning och återvinning — Lagar och förordningar — Förändringar i kundernas efterfrågan — Fokus på återvinning och återanvändning Gruvor Huvudsakligen globala konkurrenter som Metso, FLSmidth, WEIR och Terex.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Subseatec is delivering on important contracts for steel stress-joints with large international customers in the Gulf of Mexico.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Our businesses import various materials, including steel and aluminum, and purchase foreign-sourced goods, such as electrical transformers, from domestic distributors. SI Partners also generates a material portion of its earnings from LNG exports to customers located outside the U.S., including countries in Asia and Europe.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Läs mer om datacenter på sidan 19. att minska koldioxidutsläppen från byggmaterial, alltifrån aluminium, yttertaksmaterial och mattor till innertaksplattor.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Att utveckla och välja material med låga utsläpp Material som används i byggverksamhet som betong, stål och asfalt förknippas med höga nivåer av koldioxidutsläpp. Tillsammans med andra aktörer i branschen arbetar vi på olika lösningar för att minska utsläppen.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“En ökad efterfrågan kan också orsaka flaskhalsar i leverantörskedjan för vissa produkter och material.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Genom att montera brons tre stålbågar utanför byggarbetsplatsen kunde vi undvika att arbeta på vatten och kunde samtidigt minimera störningar på en av de mest trafikerade järnvägarna i USA, vilket visar på Skanskas expertis vad gäller planering och utförande av projekt.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“BUSINESS ​ ​ ​ Steel Dynamics, Inc. is a leading industrial metals solutions company, with facilities located throughout the United States and Mexico. The company operates a circular manufacturing model, producing high-quality, lower-carbon-emission products with recycled scrap as the primary input. Steel Dynamics is one of the largest domestic steel producers and metals recyclers in North America based on estimated steelmaking and steel coating capacity of approximately 16 million tons and actual metals recycling volumes as of December 31, 2025, with one of the most diversified product and end market portfolios in the domestic steel industry, combined with a meaningful downstream steel fabrication platform.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Stolt Tank Containers 652,121 699,504 Corporate and Other 753 229 Total 2,890,625 2,820,218 Stolt Tankers 390,082 371,076 Stolt Tank Containers 58,988 (37,831) Stolt-Nielsen Gas (20,492) (10,396) Corporate and Other (29,581) (32,522) Total 538,530 419,647 Operating revenue increased by $93.1 million in 2024 versus 2023, with deep-sea revenue decreasing by $43.2 million and regional revenues increasing by $136.3 million.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Område Definisjon Tilnærming Scope Metode / Utslippsbane Avkarboniseringstiltak Status 2024 2025- mål 2030- mål Sirkulærøkonomi Andel komponenter i skadeoppgjør motor: Stål/ aluminium - Vi har god oversikt over vårt miljøfotavtrykk (klima og materialer), slik at tiltak igangsettes på områder der effekten er størst. - Vi har flyttet betydelige deler av oppgjørene fra den lineære til den sirkulære økonomien - Vi har prosjekter hvor vi, sammen med partnere, har utviklet sirkulære forretningsmodeller som er gjort tilgjengelige for andre - Våre leverandører skal enten sette vitenskapsbaserte mål, eller ta i bruk løsninger for gjenbruk og reparasjon. av verdikjeden Dialog med leverandører Myndighetsdialog 17,2 % 17 % 20 % Sirkulærøkonomi Andel komponenter i skadeoppgjør motor: Bruktandel reservedeler 48) - Vi har god oversikt over vårt miljøfotavtrykk (klima og materialer), slik at tiltak igangsettes på områder der effekten er størst.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Prices of certain materials and core components utilized in the manufacture of our server and storage solutions, such as GPUs, server boards, chassis, CPUs, memory, hard drives and SSDs, represent a significant portion of our cost of sales.”

Annual report 2026A · The company itself

“Bland kunderna finns några av Europas största elnätsoperatörer, utvecklare och producenter av förnybar energi samt energiintensiva industrier såsom datacenter, stål, cement och papper.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The Group relies on raw materials such as wood, steel, aluminium and plastics.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Our primary commodity exposures are for fuel, petroleum-based resins and steel. The costs for these commodities, as well as the costs of transportation, construction and services necessary for the production and distribution of our products, continue to increase and be volatile.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“We are subject to market risk with respect to the pricing of certain products and services, which include, among other items, grain, corn, steel, petroleum, cotton, and other commodities, as well as duties, tariffs, diesel fuel, and transportation services.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“De stålbaserade produkterna är återvinningsbara till 99 procent.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The Beef segment continues to experience limited supply of market-ready cattle as well as increased cattle costs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“The Pork segment experienced sufficient supply of market-ready hogs and increased hog costs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Kundens energiforbruk etter avlevert prosjekt Andre utslippskilder oppstrøms Maskiner og produksjonsutstyr Innkjøp av transport Andre materialer Byggevarer Stål Tekniske Installasjoner Betong C B A D C B A Utslipp FLAG D Scope 3 kategori 1 Kjøp av varer og tjenester Veidekke nådde for femte gang CDP A-list for Climate.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Bygg- og anleggsbransjen er ressurskrevende og en storkonsument av arealer, materialer og energi.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Tekniske installasjoner (elektro- og VVS-installasjoner) Heiser og rulletrapper tonn 718 180 25 % – – – – VVS-installasjoner tonn 3 122 – – – – – – Materialer – fornybare kilder Bitumen (biogent)   tonn – – – – – – – Trevirke  tonn 238 500 0 0 % 274 500 0 % 346 500 0 % Pellets tonn 3 320 0 0 % 4 201 0 % 3 676 0 % Tjenester – drivstoff eller biodiesel tonn 15 577 – – – – – – Grunnarbeid MWh – – – – – – – Landtransport MWh – – – – – – –  Der det ikke er aktuelt med data, eller data ikke er tilgjengelige, er det markert med strek.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Veidekke bidrar til å: Bruke mindre • Har påvirket endring i den norske betongforskriften, slik at det ikke brukes mer betong enn nødvendig • Redusert materialbruk gjennom bevisste konstruksjonsvalg, for eksempel dekke og etasjeskillere Bruke lenger • I prosjekter der Veidekke får ansvar for lenger levetid, som i offentlig–private samarbeid, kan levetiden på vei og dekke økes gjennom å legge mer i grunnarbeid og innovasjon • Tilbyr trekk av spunt, som ellers vil bli stående i bakken Bruke om igjen • Utstrakt bruk av resirkulert stål • Gjenbruk av masser • Gjenbruksandel i innkjøp overvåkes og etterspørres • Har utviklet metode som gjør det mulig å bruke kun resirkulert tilslag i betong.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“See also “—We may face increased risks and costs associated with volatility in materials and labor prices or as a result of supply chain or procurement disruptions, which may adversely affect the status of our construction projects.””

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Based on the outstanding balances of floating rate debt, net of interest rate swap agreements, our annual net interest expense would increase with increases in variable interest rates at December 31, 2025 and 2024 by approximately: Basis point change scenario +100 $ 10.8 $ 11.0 +200 21.5 21.9 Commodity Risk We are subject to commodity risk from fluctuating prices of certain raw materials, steel, copper and aluminum and electronic components.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Low-emission steel ordered for the offshore projects Nordlicht I & II in Germany”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Low-emission steel, recycling of blades and Vestas’ contribution towards mutual decarbonisation targets.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Key inputs to Vestas’ value chain include raw materials, capital employed, energy and employee working hours.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Raw Materials The Company purchases a variety of raw materials, primarily consisting of high temperature alloy sheet metal and castings, forgings, pre-plated metals and electrical components from various vendors.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Samtidigt håller vi oss uppdaterade när det kommer till utvecklingen av material, som är så viktig när det kommer till klimatpåverkan. Idag har grön betong lägre klimatpåverkan än grönt stål och sett till byggnadens hela livscykel är det ett bättre val än att bygga helt i trä.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Growth may also be dependent upon the construction of new natural gas gathering, transportation, compression, processing, or treating pipelines and facilities, NGL transportation, or fractionation or storage facilities as well as the expansion of existing facilities. Additional risks associated with construction may include the inability to obtain rights-of-way, skilled labor, equipment, materials, permits, and other required inputs in a timely manner such that projects are completed, on time or at all, and the risk that construction cost overruns, including due to inflation or the imposition of tariffs on foreign-made materials and goods (including steel and steel pipes) necessary to conduct business, could cause total project costs to exceed budgeted costs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Osäkerheter när det gäller materialtillgång, stigande priser och förändrade globala marknader ställer ökade krav på marknadsbearbetning och även på att utveckla smartare logistik, öka digitaliseringen av processer och arbetssätt samt satsa mer på mer hållbara tekniska lösningar och återbruk för att möta framtida behov och förväntningar.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“I underlag för ett visst projekt görs antaganden om framtida inköp av både varor och tjänster som kan vara längre bort än ett år. Det finns alltid en risk att bolaget inte kan handla upp till de priser som anbudet beräknats på. • Risk att samarbete inleds med beställare eller leverantörer som bedöms osäkra med avseende på ekonomiska risker, ryktes-, kvalitets- och arbetsmiljörisker.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“I Boden påbörjades arbetet med Stegras produktionsanläggning för grönt stål.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“All of our businesses require various parts and raw materials, the availability and prices of which may fluctuate. Parts, components and raw materials commonly used in our products include motors, fabricated parts, castings, magnets, bearings, seals, batteries, printed circuit boards ("PCBs") and electronic components, including semiconductors, as well as commodities, including steel, brass, nickel, copper, aluminum, rare earth minerals and plastics.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Rakennuskustannukset pysyivät alhaisesta markkinavolyymistä huolimatta kokonaisuudessaan tasaisena.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“COMMODITY PRICE RISK We purchase raw material commodities such as cobalt chrome, titanium, tantalum, polymer and sterile packaging. We enter into supply contracts generally with terms of 12 to 24 months, where available, on these commodities to alleviate the effect of market fluctuation in prices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Furthermore, certain items, including base metals and certain steel components, are available only from a limited number of suppliers and are subject to commodity market fluctuations.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“In addition, certain of the fixed price contracts, approximately €0.7 billion, contain commodity indexing provisions linked to steel.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Glaston purchases electrical and metal components primarily from suppliers located in close proximity to the production plants.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Other Matters - The Company previously disclosed an issue regarding the degree of corrosion of certain steel plates used to fabricate Friedman (NSC 11). During the second quarter of 2025, the Company reached an agreement with the customer to resolve the matter.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Nolato använde under året 1 342 ton metaller, metaller används exempelvis i en del produkter som ingjuts.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“The following table summarizes NRG's power production and cogeneration facilities by region: Name of Facility Power Market Plant Type Primary Fuel Location Rated MW Capacity(a) Net MW Capacity(b) % Owned Texas Cedar Bayou ERCOT Fossil Natural Gas TX 1,495 1,495 100.0 Cedar Bayou 4 Chamon Greens Bayou Limestone ERCOT Fossil Coal TX 1,688 1,688 100.0 Port Comfort San Jacinto SJRR Texas Gulf Sulphur (Wharton) T.H.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“EBITA 6 769 6 430 EBITA-margin (%) 20,0 % 20,5 % Årsresultat 4 449 4 500 ROCE 33,6 % 35 % Egenkapitalandel 62 % 61 % Netto rentebærende gjeld −1 481 −1 184 NIBD/EBITDA −0,2 −0,2 Kjønnsfordeling Prioriterte virksomhetsprosesser → Tilpasning til CSRD-rapporteringskrav → Klimaomstillingsplan → Energieffektivisering inkludert installasjon av solcelleløsninger ESG tiltak 2024 Jotun er en av verdens ledende produsenter av maling og pulverlakker.”

Annual report 2024A · The company itself

“Commodity Price Risks - The Company enters into commodity forward contracts to hedge the prices of certain commodities used in the production of trucks (see Note P for additional information concerning these hedges). The objective is to reduce the fluctuation in earnings and cash flows associated with adverse movement in commodity prices.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“Table of Contents Overall Composition of Invested Assets Invested assets as of December 31, 2025, were predominantly high quality and broadly diversified across asset class, individual credit, industry and geographic location. Asset allocation is determined based on cash flow and the risk/return requirements of our products. As shown in the following table, the major categories of invested assets are fixed maturities and mortgage loans.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself

“For example, the construction of additional systems may be delayed or require greater capital investment if the commodity prices of certain supplies, such as steel pipe, increase due to imposed tariffs.”

Annual report 2025A · The company itself